diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/BackgroundDexOptService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/BackgroundDexOptService.java
index f85d6af9efeec..5c4c7c92b57da 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/BackgroundDexOptService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/BackgroundDexOptService.java
@@ -189,13 +189,14 @@ public final class BackgroundDexOptService {
         void onPackagesUpdated(ArraySet<String> updatedPackages);
     }
 
-    public BackgroundDexOptService(
-            Context context, DexManager dexManager, PackageManagerService pm) {
+    public BackgroundDexOptService(Context context, DexManager dexManager, PackageManagerService pm)
+            throws LegacyDexoptDisabledException {
         this(new Injector(context, dexManager, pm));
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    public BackgroundDexOptService(Injector injector) {
+    public BackgroundDexOptService(Injector injector) throws LegacyDexoptDisabledException {
+        Installer.checkLegacyDexoptDisabled();
         mInjector = injector;
         mDexOptHelper = mInjector.getDexOptHelper();
         LocalServices.addService(BackgroundDexOptService.class, this);
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/DexOptHelper.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/DexOptHelper.java
index 9da319dae1a40..53e23e0566989 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/DexOptHelper.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/DexOptHelper.java
@@ -996,6 +996,8 @@ public final class DexOptHelper {
         artManager.addDexoptDoneCallback(false /* onlyIncludeUpdates */,
                 Runnable::run, new DexoptDoneHandler(Objects.requireNonNull(pm)));
         LocalManagerRegistry.addManager(ArtManagerLocal.class, artManager);
+
+        artManager.scheduleBackgroundDexoptJob();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerService.java
index 9cc03340b08de..dfd305add0747 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerService.java
@@ -789,8 +789,10 @@ public class PackageManagerService implements PackageSender, TestUtilityService
 
     final ArtManagerService mArtManagerService;
 
+    // TODO(b/260124949): Remove these.
     final PackageDexOptimizer mPackageDexOptimizer;
-    final BackgroundDexOptService mBackgroundDexOptService;
+    @Nullable
+    final BackgroundDexOptService mBackgroundDexOptService; // null when ART Service is in use.
     // DexManager handles the usage of dex files (e.g. secondary files, whether or not a package
     // is used by other apps).
     private final DexManager mDexManager;
@@ -1567,7 +1569,16 @@ public class PackageManagerService implements PackageSender, TestUtilityService
                 new DefaultSystemWrapper(),
                 LocalServices::getService,
                 context::getSystemService,
-                (i, pm) -> new BackgroundDexOptService(i.getContext(), i.getDexManager(), pm),
+                (i, pm) -> {
+                    if (useArtService()) {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    try {
+                        return new BackgroundDexOptService(i.getContext(), i.getDexManager(), pm);
+                    } catch (LegacyDexoptDisabledException e) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                    }
+                },
                 (i, pm) -> IBackupManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService(
                         Context.BACKUP_SERVICE)),
                 (i, pm) -> new SharedLibrariesImpl(pm, i),
@@ -4287,11 +4298,14 @@ public class PackageManagerService implements PackageSender, TestUtilityService
                     }
                 });
 
-        // TODO(b/251903639): Call into ART Service.
-        try {
-            mBackgroundDexOptService.systemReady();
-        } catch (LegacyDexoptDisabledException e) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        if (!useArtService()) {
+            // The background dexopt job is scheduled in DexOptHelper.initializeArtManagerLocal when
+            // ART Service is in use.
+            try {
+                mBackgroundDexOptService.systemReady();
+            } catch (LegacyDexoptDisabledException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
         }
 
         // Prune unused static shared libraries which have been cached a period of time
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceInjector.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceInjector.java
index eb033cb343d4b..13549f536c9f9 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceInjector.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceInjector.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.pm;
 
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.app.ActivityManagerInternal;
 import android.app.backup.IBackupManager;
 import android.content.ComponentName;
@@ -138,7 +139,8 @@ public class PackageManagerServiceInjector {
     private final Singleton<DomainVerificationManagerInternal>
             mDomainVerificationManagerInternalProducer;
     private final Singleton<Handler> mHandlerProducer;
-    private final Singleton<BackgroundDexOptService> mBackgroundDexOptService;
+    private final Singleton<BackgroundDexOptService>
+            mBackgroundDexOptService; // TODO(b/260124949): Remove this.
     private final Singleton<IBackupManager> mIBackupManager;
     private final Singleton<SharedLibrariesImpl> mSharedLibrariesProducer;
     private final Singleton<CrossProfileIntentFilterHelper> mCrossProfileIntentFilterHelperProducer;
@@ -408,6 +410,7 @@ public class PackageManagerServiceInjector {
         return getLocalService(ActivityManagerInternal.class);
     }
 
+    @Nullable
     public BackgroundDexOptService getBackgroundDexOptService() {
         return mBackgroundDexOptService.get(this, mPackageManager);
     }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceTestParams.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceTestParams.java
index 0c617aef1ed63..08ff51d0f1abe 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceTestParams.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceTestParams.java
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ public final class PackageManagerServiceTestParams {
     public boolean isEngBuild;
     public boolean isUserDebugBuild;
     public int sdkInt = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
-    public BackgroundDexOptService backgroundDexOptService;
+    public @Nullable BackgroundDexOptService backgroundDexOptService;
     public final String incrementalVersion = Build.VERSION.INCREMENTAL;
     public BroadcastHelper broadcastHelper;
     public AppDataHelper appDataHelper;