diff --git a/core/jni/android_media_AudioRecord.cpp b/core/jni/android_media_AudioRecord.cpp
index 0cd6f4a6b6629..1c43cc5090e48 100644
--- a/core/jni/android_media_AudioRecord.cpp
+++ b/core/jni/android_media_AudioRecord.cpp
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ android_media_AudioRecord_setup(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject weak_this,
     int frameSize = nbChannels * bytesPerSample;
     size_t frameCount = buffSizeInBytes / frameSize;
 
-    if (uint32_t(source) >= AUDIO_SOURCE_CNT) {
+    if ((uint32_t(source) >= AUDIO_SOURCE_CNT) && (uint32_t(source) != AUDIO_SOURCE_HOTWORD)) {
         ALOGE("Error creating AudioRecord: unknown source.");
         return AUDIORECORD_ERROR_SETUP_INVALIDSOURCE;
     }
@@ -387,6 +387,9 @@ static jint android_media_AudioRecord_readInByteArray(JNIEnv *env,  jobject thiz
                                             (jint)recorderBuffSize : sizeInBytes );
     env->ReleaseByteArrayElements(javaAudioData, recordBuff, 0);
 
+    if (readSize < 0) {
+        readSize = AUDIORECORD_ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
     return (jint) readSize;
 }
 
@@ -427,8 +430,12 @@ static jint android_media_AudioRecord_readInDirectBuffer(JNIEnv *env,  jobject t
     }
 
     // read new data from the recorder
-    return (jint) lpRecorder->read(nativeFromJavaBuf,
+    ssize_t readSize = lpRecorder->read(nativeFromJavaBuf,
                                    capacity < sizeInBytes ? capacity : sizeInBytes);
+    if (readSize < 0) {
+        readSize = AUDIORECORD_ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION;
+    }
+    return (jint)readSize;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/core/res/AndroidManifest.xml b/core/res/AndroidManifest.xml
index d4ca5a0b2d82b..a1942406b6c64 100644
--- a/core/res/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/core/res/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -2084,6 +2084,14 @@
         android:description="@string/permdesc_captureAudioOutput"
         android:protectionLevel="signature|system" />
 
+    <!-- Allows an application to capture audio for hotword detection.
+         <p>Not for use by third-party applications.</p>
+         @hide -->
+    <permission android:name="android.permission.CAPTURE_AUDIO_HOTWORD"
+        android:label="@string/permlab_captureAudioHotword"
+        android:description="@string/permdesc_captureAudioHotword"
+        android:protectionLevel="signature|system" />
+
     <!-- Allows an application to capture video output.
          <p>Not for use by third-party applications.</p> -->
     <permission android:name="android.permission.CAPTURE_VIDEO_OUTPUT"
diff --git a/core/res/res/values/strings.xml b/core/res/res/values/strings.xml
index fa6ecc84a2da0..35d0fbd77933b 100644
--- a/core/res/res/values/strings.xml
+++ b/core/res/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -1404,6 +1404,12 @@
     <!-- Description of an application permission, listed so the user can choose whether they want to allow the application to do this. -->
     <string name="permdesc_captureAudioOutput">Allows the app to capture and redirect audio output.</string>
 
+    <!-- Title of an application permission, listed so the user can choose whether they want to allow the application to do this. -->
+    <string name="permlab_captureAudioHotword">Hotword detection</string>
+    <!-- Description of an application permission, listed so the user can choose whether they want to allow the application to do this. -->
+    <string name="permdesc_captureAudioHotword">Allows the app to capture audio for Hotword detection. The capture can
+      happen in the background but does not prevent other audio capture (e.g. Camcorder).</string>
+
     <!-- Title of an application permission, listed so the user can choose whether they want to allow the application to do this. -->
     <string name="permlab_captureVideoOutput">capture video output</string>
     <!-- Description of an application permission, listed so the user can choose whether they want to allow the application to do this. -->
diff --git a/media/java/android/media/AudioManager.java b/media/java/android/media/AudioManager.java
index d1f71563295e5..845baaf495b6b 100644
--- a/media/java/android/media/AudioManager.java
+++ b/media/java/android/media/AudioManager.java
@@ -1530,16 +1530,6 @@ public class AudioManager {
         return AudioSystem.isStreamActiveRemotely(STREAM_MUSIC, 0);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * @hide
-     * Checks whether speech recognition is active
-     * @return true if a recording with source {@link MediaRecorder.AudioSource#VOICE_RECOGNITION}
-     *    is underway.
-     */
-    public boolean isSpeechRecognitionActive() {
-        return AudioSystem.isSourceActive(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.VOICE_RECOGNITION);
-    }
-
     /**
      * @hide
      * Checks whether the current audio focus is exclusive.
diff --git a/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java b/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java
index d20f5b9d418d9..f49ef2e4c131d 100644
--- a/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java
+++ b/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java
@@ -252,7 +252,8 @@ public class AudioRecord
         //--------------
         // audio source
         if ( (audioSource < MediaRecorder.AudioSource.DEFAULT) ||
-             (audioSource > MediaRecorder.getAudioSourceMax()) )  {
+             ((audioSource > MediaRecorder.getAudioSourceMax()) &&
+              (audioSource != MediaRecorder.AudioSource.HOTWORD)) )  {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid audio source.");
         }
         mRecordSource = audioSource;
diff --git a/media/java/android/media/MediaRecorder.java b/media/java/android/media/MediaRecorder.java
index 1d2b8896797e9..8dcbd6b6f8d9e 100644
--- a/media/java/android/media/MediaRecorder.java
+++ b/media/java/android/media/MediaRecorder.java
@@ -200,6 +200,19 @@ public class MediaRecorder
          * </p>
          */
         public static final int REMOTE_SUBMIX = 8;
+
+        /**
+         * Audio source for preemptible, low-priority software hotword detection
+         * It presents the same gain and pre processing tuning as {@link #VOICE_RECOGNITION}.
+         * <p>
+         * An application should use this audio source when it wishes to do
+         * always-on software hotword detection, while gracefully giving in to any other application
+         * that might want to read from the microphone.
+         * </p>
+         * This is a hidden audio source.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        protected static final int HOTWORD = 1999;
     }
 
     /**