From 969c243f17a785dbe697e2cbe09c320136f0d82a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexander Lucas Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2012 10:57:22 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] Initial commit of wireless connectivity/discovery class. Change-Id: Ifbcbb8f5021a749ddb131d678ee1117835168598 --- docs/html/shareables/training/nsdchat.zip | Bin 0 -> 46385 bytes .../connect-devices-wirelessly/index.jd | 62 +++ .../nsd-wifi-direct.jd | 252 ++++++++++++ .../connect-devices-wirelessly/nsd.jd | 373 ++++++++++++++++++ .../connect-devices-wirelessly/wifi-direct.jd | 372 +++++++++++++++++ docs/html/training/training_toc.cs | 21 + 6 files changed, 1080 insertions(+) create mode 100644 docs/html/shareables/training/nsdchat.zip create mode 100644 docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/index.jd create mode 100644 docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/nsd-wifi-direct.jd create mode 100644 docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/nsd.jd create mode 100644 docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/wifi-direct.jd diff --git a/docs/html/shareables/training/nsdchat.zip b/docs/html/shareables/training/nsdchat.zip new file mode 100644 index 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zF)*|;d1n11cj))H{YR_mPGD2|ev$uE!tW!-;FsKg%Om=|X1))?9@b|!+7zFPaIRJp~7sUhly?+h-Eq)06nWFr6;9nd1LrE_Je@Obzbj`m5 z{*?4#vgThUe%wq9B_57!1{_Mk_t^9KH_4gWn7@PcS!|yWwbHo1{ psr{|A8+?~(uj literal 0 HcmV?d00001 diff --git a/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/index.jd b/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/index.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..37cf633a4538d --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/index.jd @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +page.title=Connecting Devices Wirelessly + +trainingnavtop=true +startpage=true +next.title=Using Network Service Discovery +next.link=nsd.html + +@jd:body + + +
+
+ +

Dependencies and prerequisites

+
    +
  • Android 4.1 or higher
    • +
+ +

You should also read

+ + + +
+
+ + +

Besides enabling communication with the cloud, Android's wireless APIs also +enable communication with other devices on the same local network, and even +devices which are not on a network, but are physically nearby. The addition of +Network Service Discovery (NSD) takes this further by allowing an application to +seek out a nearby device running services with which it can communicate. +Integrating this functionality into your application helps you provide a wide range +of features, such as playing games with users in the same room, pulling +images from a networked NSD-enabled webcam, or remotely logging into +other machines on the same network.

+

This class describes the key APIs for finding and +connecting to other devices from your application. Specifically, it +describes the NSD API for discovering available services and the Wi-Fi +Direct™ API for doing peer-to-peer wireless connections. This class also +shows you how to use NSD and Wi-Fi Direct in +combination to detect the services offered by a device and connect to the +device when neither device is connected to a network. +

+

Lessons

+ +
+
Using Network Service Discovery
+
Learn how to broadcast services offered by your own application, discover + services offered on the local network, and use NSD to determine the connection + details for the service you wish to connect to.
+
Connecting with Wi-Fi Direct
+
Learn how to fetch a list of nearby peer devices, create an access point + for legacy devices, and connect to other devices capable of Wi-Fi Direct + connections.
+
Using Wi-Fi Direct for Service + Discovery
+
Learn how to discover services published by nearby devices without being + on the same network, using Wi-Fi Direct.
+
+ diff --git a/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/nsd-wifi-direct.jd b/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/nsd-wifi-direct.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..5e276ded54918 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/nsd-wifi-direct.jd @@ -0,0 +1,252 @@ +page.title=Using Wi-Fi Direct for Service Discovery +parent.title=Connecting Devices Wirelessly +parent.link=index.html + +trainingnavtop=true + +@jd:body + +
+
+

This lesson teaches you to

+
    +
  1. Set Up the Manifest
    2. +
  2. Add a Local Service
    3. +
  3. Discover Nearby Services
    4. +
+ +
+
+ +

The first lesson in this class, Using Network Service + Discovery, showed you +how to discover services that are connected to a local network. However, using +Wi-Fi Direct&trad; Service Discovery allows you to discover the services of nearby devices directly, +without being connected to a network. You can also advertise the services +running on your device. These capabilities help you communicate between apps, +even when no local network or hotspot is available.

+

While this set of APIs is similar in purpose to the Network Service Discovery +APIs outlined in a previous lesson, implementing them in code is very different. +This lesson shows you how to discover services available from other devices, +using Wi-Fi Direct™. The lesson assumes that you're already familiar with the +Wi-Fi Direct API.

+ + +

Set Up the Manifest

+

In order to use Wi-Fi Direct, add the {@link +android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_WIFI_STATE}, {@link +android.Manifest.permission#ACCESS_WIFI_STATE}, +and {@link android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET} +permissions to your manifest. Even though Wi-Fi Direct doesn't require an +Internet connection, it uses standard Java sockets, and using these in Android +requires the requested permissions.

+ +
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="com.example.android.nsdchat"
+    ...
+
+    <uses-permission
+        android:required="true"
+        android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission
+        android:required="true"
+        android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission
+        android:required="true"
+        android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    ...
+
+ +

Add a Local Service

+

If you're providing a local service, you need to register it for +service discovery. Once your local service is registered, the framework +automatically responds to service discovery requests from peers.

+ +

To create a local service:

+ +
    +
  1. Create a +{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.nsd.WifiP2pServiceInfo} object.
    2. +
  2. Populate it with information about your service.
    3. +
  3. Call {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#addLocalService(WifiP2pManager.Channel, +WifiP2pServiceInfo, WifiP2pManager.ActionListener) addLocalService()} to register the local +service for service discovery.
    4. +
+ +
+     private void startRegistration() {
+        //  Create a string map containing information about your service.
+        Map record = new HashMap();
+        record.put("listenport", String.valueOf(SERVER_PORT));
+        record.put("buddyname", "John Doe" + (int) (Math.random() * 1000));
+        record.put("available", "visible");
+
+        // Service information.  Pass it an instance name, service type
+        // _protocol._transportlayer , and the map containing
+        // information other devices will want once they connect to this one.
+        WifiP2pDnsSdServiceInfo serviceInfo =
+                WifiP2pDnsSdServiceInfo.newInstance("_test", "_presence._tcp", record);
+
+        // Add the local service, sending the service info, network channel,
+        // and listener that will be used to indicate success or failure of
+        // the request.
+        mManager.addLocalService(channel, serviceInfo, new ActionListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess() {
+                // Command successful! Code isn't necessarily needed here,
+                // Unless you want to update the UI or add logging statements.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onFailure(int arg0) {
+                // Command failed.  Check for P2P_UNSUPPORTED, ERROR, or BUSY
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+ +

Discover Nearby Services

+

Android uses callback methods to notify your application of available services, so +the first thing to do is set those up. Create a {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.DnsSdTxtRecordListener} to listen for +incoming records. This record can optionally be broadcast by other +devices. When one comes in, copy the device address and any other +relevant information you want into a data structure external to the current +method, so you can access it later. The following example assumes that the +record contains a "buddyname" field, populated with the user's identity.

+ +
+final HashMap<String, String> buddies = new HashMap<String, String>();
+...
+private void discoverService() {
+    DnsSdTxtRecordListener txtListener = new DnsSdTxtRecordListener() {
+        @Override
+        /* Callback includes:
+         * fullDomain: full domain name: e.g "printer._ipp._tcp.local."
+         * record: TXT record dta as a map of key/value pairs.
+         * device: The device running the advertised service.
+         */
+
+        public void onDnsSdTxtRecordAvailable(
+                String fullDomain, Map record, WifiP2pDevice device) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "DnsSdTxtRecord available -" + record.toString());
+                buddies.put(device.deviceAddress, record.get("buddyname"));
+            }
+        };
+    ...
+}
+
+ +

To get the service information, create a {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.DnsSdServiceResponseListener}. This +receives the actual description and connection information. The previous code +snippet implemented a {@link java.util.Map} object to pair a device address with the buddy +name. The service response listener uses this to link the DNS record with the +corresponding service information. Once both +listeners are implemented, add them to the {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager} using the {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#setDnsSdResponseListeners(WifiP2pManager.Channel, +WifiP2pManager.DnsSdServiceResponseListener, +WifiP2pManager.DnsSdTxtRecordListener) setDnsSdResponseListeners()} method.

+ +
+private void discoverService() {
+...
+
+    DnsSdServiceResponseListener servListener = new DnsSdServiceResponseListener() {
+        @Override
+        public void onDnsSdServiceAvailable(String instanceName, String registrationType,
+                WifiP2pDevice resourceType) {
+
+                // Update the device name with the human-friendly version from
+                // the DnsTxtRecord, assuming one arrived.
+                resourceType.deviceName = buddies
+                        .containsKey(resourceType.deviceAddress) ? buddies
+                        .get(resourceType.deviceAddress) : resourceType.deviceName;
+
+                // Add to the custom adapter defined specifically for showing
+                // wifi devices.
+                WiFiDirectServicesList fragment = (WiFiDirectServicesList) getFragmentManager()
+                        .findFragmentById(R.id.frag_peerlist);
+                WiFiDevicesAdapter adapter = ((WiFiDevicesAdapter) fragment
+                        .getListAdapter());
+
+                adapter.add(resourceType);
+                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
+                Log.d(TAG, "onBonjourServiceAvailable " + instanceName);
+        }
+    };
+
+    mManager.setDnsSdResponseListeners(channel, servListener, txtListener);
+    ...
+}
+
+ +

Now create a service request and call {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#addServiceRequest(WifiP2pManager.Channel, +WifiP2pServiceRequest, WifiP2pManager.ActionListener) addServiceRequest()}. +This method also takes a listener to report success or failure.

+ +
+        serviceRequest = WifiP2pDnsSdServiceRequest.newInstance();
+        mManager.addServiceRequest(channel,
+                serviceRequest,
+                new ActionListener() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void onSuccess() {
+                        // Success!
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void onFailure(int code) {
+                        // Command failed.  Check for P2P_UNSUPPORTED, ERROR, or BUSY
+                    }
+                });
+
+ +

Finally, make the call to {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#discoverServices(WifiP2pManager.Channel, +WifiP2pManager.ActionListener) discoverServices()}.

+ +
+        mManager.discoverServices(channel, new ActionListener() {
+
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess() {
+                // Success!
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onFailure(int code) {
+                // Command failed.  Check for P2P_UNSUPPORTED, ERROR, or BUSY
+                if (code == WifiP2pManager.P2P_UNSUPPORTED) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "P2P isn't supported on this device.");
+                else if(...)
+                    ...
+            }
+        });
+
+ +

If all goes well, hooray, you're done! If you encounter problems, remember +that the asynchronous calls you've made take an +{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.ActionListener} as an argument, and +this provides you with callbacks indicating success or failure. To diagnose +problems, put debugging code in {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.ActionListener#onFailure(int) onFailure()}. The error code +provided by the method hints at the problem. Here are the possible error values +and what they mean

+
+
{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#P2P_UNSUPPORTED}
+
Wi-Fi Direct isn't supported on the device running the app.
+
{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#BUSY}
+
The system is to busy to process the request.
+
{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#ERROR}
+
The operation failed due to an internal error.
+
diff --git a/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/nsd.jd b/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/nsd.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..d2b01a177a9f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/nsd.jd @@ -0,0 +1,373 @@ +page.title=Using Network Service Discovery +parent.title=Connecting Devices Wirelessly +parent.link=index.html + +trainingnavtop=true +next.title=Connecting with Wi-Fi Direct +next.link=wifi-direct.html + +@jd:body + + + +

Adding Network Service Discovery (NSD) to your app allows your users to +identify other devices on the local network that support the services your app +requests. This is useful for a variety of peer-to-peer applications such as file +sharing or multi-player gaming. Android's NSD APIs simplify the effort required +for you to implement such features.

+ +

This lesson shows you how to build an application that can broadcast its +name and connection information to the local network and scan for information +from other applications doing the same. Finally, this lesson shows you how +to connect to the same application running on another device.

+ +

Register Your Service on the Network

+ +

Note: This step is optional. If +you don't care about broadcasting your app's services over the local network, +you can skip forward to the +next section, Discover Services on the Network.

+ +

To register your service on the local network, first create a {@link +android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo} object. This object provides the information +that other devices on the network use when they're deciding whether to connect to your +service.

+ +
+public void registerService(int port) {
+    // Create the NsdServiceInfo object, and populate it.
+    NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo  = new NsdServiceInfo();
+
+    // The name is subject to change based on conflicts
+    // with other services advertised on the same network.
+    serviceInfo.setServiceName("NsdChat");
+    serviceInfo.setServiceType("_http._tcp.");
+    serviceInfo.setPort(port);
+    ....
+}
+
+ +

This code snippet sets the service name to "NsdChat". +The name is visible to any device on the network that is using NSD to look for +local services. Keep in mind that the name must be unique for any service on the +network, and Android automatically handles conflict resolution. If +two devices on the network both have the NsdChat application installed, one of +them changes the service name automatically, to something like "NsdChat +(1)".

+ +

The second parameter sets the service type, specifies which protocol and transport +layer the application uses. The syntax is +"_<protocol>._<transportlayer>". In the +code snippet, the service uses HTTP protocol running over TCP. An application +offering a printer service (for instance, a network printer) would set the +service type to "_ipp._tcp".

+ +

Note: The International Assigned Numbers +Authority (IANA) manages a centralized, +authoritative list of service types used by service discovery protocols such as NSD and Bonjour. +You can download the list from the +IANA list of service names and port numbers. +If you intend to use a new service type, you should reserve it by filling out +the IANA Ports and Service + registration form.

+ +

When setting the port for your service, avoid hardcoding it as this +conflicts with other applications. For instance, assuming +that your application always uses port 1337 puts it in potential conflict with +other installed applications that use the same port. Instead, use the device's +next available port. Because this information is provided to other apps by a +service broadcast, there's no need for the port your application uses to be +known by other applications at compile-time. Instead, the applications can get +this information from your service broadcast, right before connecting to your +service.

+ +

If you're working with sockets, here's how you can initialize a socket to any +available port simply by setting it to 0.

+ +
+public void initializeServerSocket() {
+    // Initialize a server socket on the next available port.
+    mServerSocket = new ServerSocket(0);
+
+    // Store the chosen port.
+    mLocalPort =  mServerSocket.getLocalPort();
+    ...
+}
+
+ +

Now that you've defined the {@link android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo +NsdServiceInfo} object, you need to implement the {@link +android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener RegistrationListener} interface. This +interface contains callbacks used by Android to alert your application of the +success or failure of service registration and unregistration. +

+
+public void initializeRegistrationListener() {
+    mRegistrationListener = new NsdManager.RegistrationListener() {
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceRegistered(NsdServiceInfo NsdServiceInfo) {
+            // Save the service name.  Android may have changed it in order to
+            // resolve a conflict, so update the name you initially requested
+            // with the name Android actually used.
+            mServiceName = NsdServiceInfo.getServiceName();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRegistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {
+            // Registration failed!  Put debugging code here to determine why.
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceUnregistered(NsdServiceInfo arg0) {
+            // Service has been unregistered.  This only happens when you call
+            // NsdManager.unregisterService() and pass in this listener.
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnregistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {
+            // Unregistration failed.  Put debugging code here to determine why.
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+ +

Now you have all the pieces to register your service. Call the method +{@link android.net.nsd.NsdManager#registerService registerService()}. +

+ +

Note that this method is asynchronous, so any code that needs to run +after the service has been registered must go in the {@link +android.net.nsd.NsdManager.RegistrationListener#onServiceRegistered(NsdServiceInfo) +onServiceRegistered()} method.

+ +
+public void registerService(int port) {
+    NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo  = new NsdServiceInfo();
+    serviceInfo.setServiceName("NsdChat");
+    serviceInfo.setServiceType("_http._tcp.");
+    serviceInfo.setPort(port);
+
+    mNsdManager = Context.getSystemService(Context.NSD_SERVICE);
+
+    mNsdManager.registerService(
+            serviceInfo, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, mRegistrationListener);
+}
+
+ +

Discover Services on the Network

+

The network is teeming with life, from the beastly network printers to the +docile network webcams, to the brutal, fiery battles of nearby tic-tac-toe +players. The key to letting your application see this vibrant ecosystem of +functionality is service discovery. Your application needs to listen to service +broadcasts on the network to see what services are available, and filter out +anything the application can't work with.

+ +

Service discovery, like service registration, has two steps: + setting up a discovery listener with the relevant callbacks, and making a single asynchronous +API call to {@link android.net.nsd.NsdManager#discoverServices(String +, int , NsdManager.DiscoveryListener) discoverServices()}.

+ +

First, instantiate an anonymous class that implements {@link +android.net.nsd.NsdManager.DiscoveryListener}. The following snippet shows a +simple example:

+ +
+public void initializeDiscoveryListener() {
+
+    // Instantiate a new DiscoveryListener
+    mDiscoveryListener = new NsdManager.DiscoveryListener() {
+
+        //  Called as soon as service discovery begins.
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoveryStarted(String regType) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Service discovery started");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceFound(NsdServiceInfo service) {
+            // A service was found!  Do something with it.
+            Log.d(TAG, "Service discovery success" + service);
+            if (!service.getServiceType().equals(SERVICE_TYPE)) {
+                // Service type is the string containing the protocol and
+                // transport layer for this service.
+                Log.d(TAG, "Unknown Service Type: " + service.getServiceType());
+            } else if (service.getServiceName().equals(mServiceName)) {
+                // The name of the service tells the user what they'd be
+                // connecting to. It could be "Bob's Chat App".
+                Log.d(TAG, "Same machine: " + mServiceName);
+            } else if (service.getServiceName().contains("NsdChat")){
+                mNsdManager.resolveService(service, mResolveListener);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceLost(NsdServiceInfo service) {
+            // When the network service is no longer available.
+            // Internal bookkeeping code goes here.
+            Log.e(TAG, "service lost" + service);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoveryStopped(String serviceType) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Discovery stopped: " + serviceType);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStartDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Discovery failed: Error code:" + errorCode);
+            mNsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(this);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Discovery failed: Error code:" + errorCode);
+            mNsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(this);
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+ +

The NSD API uses the methods in this interface to inform your application when discovery +is started, when it fails, and when services are found and lost (lost means "is +no longer available"). Notice that this snippet does several checks +when a service is found.

+
    +
  1. The service name of the found service is compared to the service +name of the local service to determine if the device just picked up its own +broadcast (which is valid).
    2. +
  2. The service type is checked, to verify it's a type of service your +application can connect to.
    3. +
  3. The service name is checked to verify connection to the correct +application.
    4. +
+ +

Checking the service name isn't always necessary, and is only relevant if you +want to connect to a specific application. For instance, the application might +only want to connect to instances of itself running on other devices. However, if the +application wants to connect to a network printer, it's enough to see that the service type +is "_ipp._tcp".

+ +

After setting up the listener, call {@link android.net.nsd.NsdManager#discoverServices(String, int, +NsdManager.DiscoveryListener) discoverServices()}, passing in the service type +your application should look for, the discovery protocol to use, and the +listener you just created.

+ +
+    mNsdManager.discoverServices(
+        SERVICE_TYPE, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, mDiscoveryListener);
+
+ + +

Connect to Services on the Network

+

When your application finds a service on the network to connect to, it +must first determine the connection information for that service, using the +{@link android.net.nsd.NsdManager#resolveService resolveService()} method. +Implement a {@link android.net.nsd.NsdManager.ResolveListener} to pass into this +method, and use it to get a {@link android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo} containing +the connection information.

+ +
+public void initializeResolveListener() {
+    mResolveListener = new NsdManager.ResolveListener() {
+
+        @Override
+        public void onResolveFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode) {
+            // Called when the resolve fails.  Use the error code to debug.
+            Log.e(TAG, "Resolve failed" + errorCode);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceResolved(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Resolve Succeeded. " + serviceInfo);
+
+            if (serviceInfo.getServiceName().equals(mServiceName)) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Same IP.");
+                return;
+            }
+            mService = serviceInfo;
+            int port = mService.getPort();
+            InetAddress host = mService.getHost();
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+ +

Once the service is resolved, your application receives detailed +service information including an IP address and port number. This is everything +you need to create your own network connection to the service.

+ + +

Unregister Your Service on Application Close

+

It's important to enable and disable NSD +functionality as appropriate during the application's +lifecycle. Unregistering your application when it closes down helps prevent +other applications from thinking it's still active and attempting to connect to +it. Also, service discovery is an expensive operation, and should be stopped +when the parent Activity is paused, and re-enabled when the Activity is +resumed. Override the lifecycle methods of your main Activity and insert code +to start and stop service broadcast and discovery as appropriate.

+ +
+//In your application's Activity
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onPause() {
+        if (mNsdHelper != null) {
+            mNsdHelper.tearDown();
+        }
+        super.onPause();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onResume() {
+        super.onResume();
+        if (mNsdHelper != null) {
+            mNsdHelper.registerService(mConnection.getLocalPort());
+            mNsdHelper.discoverServices();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onDestroy() {
+        mNsdHelper.tearDown();
+        mConnection.tearDown();
+        super.onDestroy();
+    }
+
+    // NsdHelper's tearDown method
+        public void tearDown() {
+        mNsdManager.unregisterService(mRegistrationListener);
+        mNsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(mDiscoveryListener);
+    }
+
+ diff --git a/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/wifi-direct.jd b/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/wifi-direct.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..99bb243879a03 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/training/connect-devices-wirelessly/wifi-direct.jd @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ +page.title=Connecting with Wi-Fi Direct +parent.title=Connecting Devices Wirelessly +parent.link=index.html + +trainingnavtop=true +previous.title=Using Network Service Discovery +previous.link=nsd.html +next.title=Service Discovery with Wi-Fi Direct +next.link=nsd-wifi-direct.html + +@jd:body + + + +

The Wi-Fi Direct™ APIs allow applications to connect to nearby devices without +needing to connect to a network or hotspot. This allows your application to quickly +find and interact with nearby devices, at a range beyond the capabilities of Bluetooth. +

+

+This lesson shows you how to find and connect to nearby devices using Wi-Fi Direct. +

+

Set Up Application Permissions

+

In order to use Wi-Fi Direct, add the {@link +android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_WIFI_STATE}, {@link +android.Manifest.permission#ACCESS_WIFI_STATE}, +and {@link android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET} +permissions to your manifest. Wi-Fi Direct doesn't require an internet connection, +but it does use standard Java sockets, which require the {@link +android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET} permission. +So you need the following permissions to use Wi-Fi Direct.

+ +
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    package="com.example.android.nsdchat"
+    ...
+
+    <uses-permission
+        android:required="true"
+        android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission
+        android:required="true"
+        android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission
+        android:required="true"
+        android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
+    ...
+
+ +

Set Up a Broadcast Receiver and Peer-to-Peer Manager

+

To use Wi-Fi Direct, you need to listen for broadcast intents that tell your +application when certain events have occurred. In your application, instantiate +an {@link +android.content.IntentFilter} and set it to listen for the following:

+
+
{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION}
+
Indicates whether Wi-Fi Peer-To-Peer (P2P) is enabled
+
{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION}
+
Indicates that the available peer list has changed.
+
{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION}
+
Indicates the state of Wi-Fi P2P connectivity has changed.
+
{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION}
+
Indicates this device's configuration details have changed.
+
+private final IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
+...
+@Override
+public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+    setContentView(R.layout.main);
+
+    //  Indicates a change in the Wi-Fi Peer-to-Peer status.
+    intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
+
+    // Indicates a change in the list of available peers.
+    intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION);
+
+    // Indicates the state of Wi-Fi P2P connectivity has changed.
+    intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION);
+
+    // Indicates this device's details have changed.
+    intentFilter.addAction(WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION);
+
+    ...
+}
+
+ +

At the end of the {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()} method, get an instance of the {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager}, and call its {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#initialize(Context, Looper, WifiP2pManager.ChannelListener) initialize()} +method. This method returns a {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.Channel} object, which you'll use later to +connect your app to the Wi-Fi Direct Framework.

+ +
+@Override
+
+Channel mChannel;
+
+public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+    ....
+    mManager = (WifiP2pManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_P2P_SERVICE);
+    mChannel = mManager.initialize(this, getMainLooper(), null);
+}
+
+

Now create a new {@link +android.content.BroadcastReceiver} class that you'll use to listen for changes +to the System's Wi-Fi P2P state. In the {@link +android.content.BroadcastReceiver#onReceive(Context, Intent) onReceive()} +method, add a condition to handle each P2P state change listed above.

+ +
+
+    @Override
+    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+        String action = intent.getAction();
+        if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+            // Determine if Wifi Direct mode is enabled or not, alert
+            // the Activity.
+            int state = intent.getIntExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_STATE, -1);
+            if (state == WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_STATE_ENABLED) {
+                activity.setIsWifiP2pEnabled(true);
+            } else {
+                activity.setIsWifiP2pEnabled(false);
+            }
+        } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+
+            // The peer list has changed!  We should probably do something about
+            // that.
+
+        } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+
+            // Connection state changed!  We should probably do something about
+            // that.
+
+        } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_THIS_DEVICE_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+            DeviceListFragment fragment = (DeviceListFragment) activity.getFragmentManager()
+                    .findFragmentById(R.id.frag_list);
+            fragment.updateThisDevice((WifiP2pDevice) intent.getParcelableExtra(
+                    WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_WIFI_P2P_DEVICE));
+
+        }
+    }
+
+ +

Finally, add code to register the intent filter and broadcast receiver when +your main activity is active, and unregister them when the activity is paused. +The best place to do this is the {@link android.app.Activity#onResume()} and +{@link android.app.Activity#onPause()} methods. + +

+    /** register the BroadcastReceiver with the intent values to be matched */
+    @Override
+    public void onResume() {
+        super.onResume();
+        receiver = new WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver(mManager, mChannel, this);
+        registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onPause() {
+        super.onPause();
+        unregisterReceiver(receiver);
+    }
+
+ + +

Initiate Peer Discovery

+

To start searching for nearby devices with Wi-Fi Direct, call {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#discoverPeers(WifiP2pManager.Channel, +WifiP2pManager.ActionListener) discoverPeers()}. This method takes the +following arguments:

+
    +
  • The {@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.Channel} you + received back when you initialized the peer-to-peer mManager
    • +
  • An implementation of {@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.ActionListener} with methods + the system invokes for successful and unsuccessful discovery.
    • +
+ +
+mManager.discoverPeers(mChannel, new WifiP2pManager.ActionListener() {
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSuccess() {
+            // Code for when the discovery initiation is successful goes here.
+            // No services have actually been discovered yet, so this method
+            // can often be left blank.  Code for peer discovery goes in the
+            // onReceive method, detailed below.
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onFailure(int reasonCode) {
+            // Code for when the discovery initiation fails goes here.
+            // Alert the user that something went wrong.
+        }
+});
+
+ +

Keep in mind that this only initiates peer discovery. The +{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#discoverPeers(WifiP2pManager.Channel, +WifiP2pManager.ActionListener) discoverPeers()} method starts the discovery process and then +immediately returns. The system notifies you if the peer discovery process is +successfully initiated by calling methods in the provided action listener. +Also, discovery will remain active until a connection is initiated or a P2P group is +formed.

+ +

Fetch the List of Peers

+

Now write the code that fetches and processes the list of peers. First +implement the {@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.PeerListListener} +interface, which provides information about the peers that Wi-Fi Direct has +detected. The following code snippet illustrates this.

+ +
+    private List peers = new ArrayList();
+    ...
+
+    private PeerListListener peerListListener = new PeerListListener() {
+        @Override
+        public void onPeersAvailable(WifiP2pDeviceList peerList) {
+
+            // Out with the old, in with the new.
+            peers.clear();
+            peers.addAll(peerList.getDeviceList());
+
+            // If an AdapterView is backed by this data, notify it
+            // of the change.  For instance, if you have a ListView of available
+            // peers, trigger an update.
+            ((WiFiPeerListAdapter) getListAdapter()).notifyDataSetChanged();
+            if (peers.size() == 0) {
+                Log.d(WiFiDirectActivity.TAG, "No devices found");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+ +

Now modify your broadcast receiver's {@link +android.content.BroadcastReceiver#onReceive(Context, Intent) onReceive()} +method to call {@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#requestPeers +requestPeers()} when an intent with the action {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION} is received. You +need to pass this listener into the receiver somehow. One way is to send it +as an argument to the broadcast receiver's constructor. +

+ +
+public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+    ...
+    else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+
+        // Request available peers from the wifi p2p manager. This is an
+        // asynchronous call and the calling activity is notified with a
+        // callback on PeerListListener.onPeersAvailable()
+        if (mManager != null) {
+            mManager.requestPeers(mChannel, peerListener);
+        }
+        Log.d(WiFiDirectActivity.TAG, "P2P peers changed");
+    }...
+}
+
+ +

Now, an intent with the action {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#WIFI_P2P_PEERS_CHANGED_ACTION} intent will +trigger a request for an updated peer list.

+ +

Connect to a Peer

+

In order to connect to a peer, create a new {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pConfig} object, and copy data into it from the +{@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pDevice} representing the device you want to +connect to. Then call the {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#connect(WifiP2pManager.Channel, +WifiP2pConfig, WifiP2pManager.ActionListener) connect()} +method.

+ +
+    @Override
+    public void connect() {
+        // Picking the first device found on the network.
+        WifiP2pDevice device = peers.get(0);
+
+        WifiP2pConfig config = new WifiP2pConfig();
+        config.deviceAddress = device.deviceAddress;
+        config.wps.setup = WpsInfo.PBC;
+
+        mManager.connect(mChannel, config, new ActionListener() {
+
+            @Override
+            public void onSuccess() {
+                // WiFiDirectBroadcastReceiver will notify us. Ignore for now.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onFailure(int reason) {
+                Toast.makeText(WiFiDirectActivity.this, "Connect failed. Retry.",
+                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+ +

The {@link android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.ActionListener} implemented in +this snippet only notifies you when the initiation succeeds or fails. +To listen for changes in connection state, implement the {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.ConnectionInfoListener} interface. Its {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager.ConnectionInfoListener#onConnectionInfoAvailable(WifiP2pInfo) +onConnectionInfoAvailable()} +callback will notify you when the state of the connection changes. In cases +where multiple devices are going to be connected to a single device (like a game with +3 or more players, or a chat app), one device will be designated the "group +owner".

+ +
+    @Override
+    public void onConnectionInfoAvailable(final WifiP2pInfo info) {
+
+        // InetAddress from WifiP2pInfo struct.
+        InetAddress groupOwnerAddress = info.groupOwnerAddress.getHostAddress());
+
+        // After the group negotiation, we can determine the group owner.
+        if (info.groupFormed && info.isGroupOwner) {
+            // Do whatever tasks are specific to the group owner.
+            // One common case is creating a server thread and accepting
+            // incoming connections.
+        } else if (info.groupFormed) {
+            // The other device acts as the client. In this case,
+            // you'll want to create a client thread that connects to the group
+            // owner.
+        }
+    }
+
+ +

Now go back to the {@link +android.content.BroadcastReceiver#onReceive(Context, Intent) onReceive()} method of the broadcast receiver, and modify the section +that listens for a {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION} intent. +When this intent is received, call {@link +android.net.wifi.p2p.WifiP2pManager#requestConnectionInfo(WifiP2pManager.Channel, +WifiP2pManager.ConnectionInfoListener) requestConnectionInfo()}. This is an +asynchronous call, so results will be received by the connection info listener +you provide as a parameter. + +

+        ...
+        } else if (WifiP2pManager.WIFI_P2P_CONNECTION_CHANGED_ACTION.equals(action)) {
+
+            if (mManager == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            NetworkInfo networkInfo = (NetworkInfo) intent
+                    .getParcelableExtra(WifiP2pManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
+
+            if (networkInfo.isConnected()) {
+
+                // We are connected with the other device, request connection
+                // info to find group owner IP
+
+                mManager.requestConnectionInfo(mChannel, connectionListener);
+            }
+            ...
+
diff --git a/docs/html/training/training_toc.cs b/docs/html/training/training_toc.cs index 37b69d4c8c704..b70ba3f4828c7 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/training_toc.cs +++ b/docs/html/training/training_toc.cs @@ -673,6 +673,27 @@ +
  • +
    + Connecting Devices Wirelessly +
    + +
    • + +