diff --git a/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageParser.java b/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageParser.java
index f42a3404664a4..54091db797790 100644
--- a/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageParser.java
+++ b/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageParser.java
@@ -5096,6 +5096,19 @@ public class PackageParser {
             return latestUse;
         }
 
+        public long getLatestForegroundPackageUseTimeInMills() {
+            int[] foregroundReasons = {
+                PackageManager.NOTIFY_PACKAGE_USE_ACTIVITY,
+                PackageManager.NOTIFY_PACKAGE_USE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE
+            };
+
+            long latestUse = 0L;
+            for (int reason : foregroundReasons) {
+                latestUse = Math.max(latestUse, mLastPackageUsageTimeInMills[reason]);
+            }
+            return latestUse;
+        }
+
         public String toString() {
             return "Package{"
                 + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this))
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageDexOptimizer.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageDexOptimizer.java
index b3ac05c2e91db..f6202742e735e 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageDexOptimizer.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageDexOptimizer.java
@@ -137,21 +137,14 @@ class PackageDexOptimizer {
         boolean isProfileGuidedFilter = DexFile.isProfileGuidedCompilerFilter(targetCompilerFilter);
         // If any part of the app is used by other apps, we cannot use profile-guided
         // compilation.
-        // Skip the check for forward locked packages since they don't share their code.
-        if (isProfileGuidedFilter && !pkg.isForwardLocked()) {
-            for (String path : paths) {
-                if (isUsedByOtherApps(path)) {
-                    checkProfiles = false;
+        if (isProfileGuidedFilter && isUsedByOtherApps(pkg)) {
+            checkProfiles = false;
 
-                    targetCompilerFilter = getNonProfileGuidedCompilerFilter(targetCompilerFilter);
-                    if (DexFile.isProfileGuidedCompilerFilter(targetCompilerFilter)) {
-                        throw new IllegalStateException(targetCompilerFilter);
-                    }
-                    isProfileGuidedFilter = false;
-
-                    break;
-                }
+            targetCompilerFilter = getNonProfileGuidedCompilerFilter(targetCompilerFilter);
+            if (DexFile.isProfileGuidedCompilerFilter(targetCompilerFilter)) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(targetCompilerFilter);
             }
+            isProfileGuidedFilter = false;
         }
 
         // If we're asked to take profile updates into account, check now.
@@ -281,20 +274,34 @@ class PackageDexOptimizer {
         mSystemReady = true;
     }
 
-    private boolean isUsedByOtherApps(String apkPath) {
-        try {
-            apkPath = new File(apkPath).getCanonicalPath();
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            // Log an error but continue without it.
-            Slog.w(TAG, "Failed to get canonical path", e);
+    /**
+     * Returns true if the profiling data collected for the given app indicate
+     * that the apps's APK has been loaded by another app.
+     * Note that this returns false for all forward-locked apps and apps without
+     * any collected profiling data.
+     */
+    public static boolean isUsedByOtherApps(PackageParser.Package pkg) {
+        if (pkg.isForwardLocked()) {
+            // Skip the check for forward locked packages since they don't share their code.
+            return false;
         }
-        String useMarker = apkPath.replace('/', '@');
-        final int[] currentUserIds = UserManagerService.getInstance().getUserIds();
-        for (int i = 0; i < currentUserIds.length; i++) {
-            File profileDir = Environment.getDataProfilesDeForeignDexDirectory(currentUserIds[i]);
-            File foreignUseMark = new File(profileDir, useMarker);
-            if (foreignUseMark.exists()) {
-                return true;
+
+        for (String apkPath : pkg.getAllCodePathsExcludingResourceOnly()) {
+            try {
+                apkPath = new File(apkPath).getCanonicalPath();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // Log an error but continue without it.
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Failed to get canonical path", e);
+            }
+            String useMarker = apkPath.replace('/', '@');
+            final int[] currentUserIds = UserManagerService.getInstance().getUserIds();
+            for (int i = 0; i < currentUserIds.length; i++) {
+                File profileDir =
+                        Environment.getDataProfilesDeForeignDexDirectory(currentUserIds[i]);
+                File foreignUseMark = new File(profileDir, useMarker);
+                if (foreignUseMark.exists()) {
+                    return true;
+                }
             }
         }
         return false;
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceUtils.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceUtils.java
index 3c065aea51ded..67cbcd88ead16 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceUtils.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/pm/PackageManagerServiceUtils.java
@@ -69,11 +69,12 @@ public class PackageManagerServiceUtils {
         long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
         for (Iterator<PackageParser.Package> i = pkgs.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
             PackageParser.Package pkg = i.next();
-            long then = pkg.getLatestPackageUseTimeInMills();
+            long then = pkg.getLatestForegroundPackageUseTimeInMills();
             if (then + dexOptLRUThresholdInMills < now) {
                 if (DEBUG_DEXOPT) {
-                    Log.i(TAG, "Skipping dexopt of " + pkg.packageName + " last resumed: " +
-                          ((then == 0) ? "never" : new Date(then)));
+                    Log.i(TAG, "Skipping dexopt of " + pkg.packageName +
+                            " last used in foreground: " +
+                            ((then == 0) ? "never" : new Date(then)));
                 }
                 i.remove();
                 skipped++;
@@ -117,6 +118,18 @@ public class PackageManagerServiceUtils {
         }
         remainingPkgs.removeAll(result);
 
+        // Give priority to apps used by other apps.
+        for (PackageParser.Package pkg : remainingPkgs) {
+            if (PackageDexOptimizer.isUsedByOtherApps(pkg)) {
+                if (DEBUG_DEXOPT) {
+                    Log.i(TAG, "Adding app used by other apps " + result.size() + ": " +
+                            pkg.packageName);
+                }
+                result.add(pkg);
+            }
+        }
+        remainingPkgs.removeAll(result);
+
         // Filter out packages that aren't recently used, add all remaining apps.
         // TODO: add a property to control this?
         if (packageManagerService.isHistoricalPackageUsageAvailable()) {