diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/AudioService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/AudioService.java
index 4cde931d2ef5a..20b0deb930e6e 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/AudioService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/audio/AudioService.java
@@ -6741,40 +6741,58 @@ public class AudioService extends IAudioService.Stub
     private boolean isPolicyRegisterAllowed(AudioPolicyConfig policyConfig,
              IMediaProjection projection) {
 
-        boolean isLoopbackRenderPolicy = policyConfig.getMixes().stream().allMatch(
-                mix -> mix.getRouteFlags() == (mix.ROUTE_FLAG_RENDER | mix.ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK));
+        boolean requireValidProjection = false;
+        boolean requireCaptureAudioOrMediaOutputPerm = false;
+        boolean requireModifyRouting = false;
 
-        if (isLoopbackRenderPolicy) {
-            boolean allowPrivilegedPlaybackCapture = policyConfig.getMixes().stream().anyMatch(
-                    mix -> mix.getRule().allowPrivilegedPlaybackCapture());
-            if (allowPrivilegedPlaybackCapture
-                    && !(hasPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT)
-                    || hasPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CAPTURE_MEDIA_OUTPUT))) {
-                // Opt-out can not be bypassed without a system permission
-                return false;
+        if (policyConfig.getMixes().isEmpty()) {
+            requireModifyRouting |= true;
+        }
+        for (AudioMix mix : policyConfig.getMixes()) {
+            // If mix is requesting a privileged capture
+            if (mix.getRule().allowPrivilegedPlaybackCapture()) {
+                // then it must have CAPTURE_MEDIA_OUTPUT or CAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT permission
+                requireCaptureAudioOrMediaOutputPerm |= true;
             }
 
-            if (canProjectAudio(projection)) {
-                // Policy that do not modify the audio routing only need an audio projection
-                return true;
+            // If mix is RENDER|LOOPBACK, then an audio MediaProjection is enough
+            // otherwise MODIFY_AUDIO_ROUTING permission is required
+            if (mix.getRouteFlags() == mix.ROUTE_FLAG_LOOP_BACK_RENDER && projection != null) {
+                requireValidProjection |= true;
+            } else {
+                requireModifyRouting |= true;
             }
         }
 
-        boolean hasPermissionModifyAudioRouting =
-                (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkCallingPermission(
-                        android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_ROUTING));
-        if (hasPermissionModifyAudioRouting) {
-            return true;
+        if (requireCaptureAudioOrMediaOutputPerm
+                && !callerHasPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CAPTURE_MEDIA_OUTPUT)
+                && !callerHasPermission(android.Manifest.permission.CAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Privileged audio capture requires CAPTURE_MEDIA_OUTPUT or "
+                      + "CAPTURE_AUDIO_OUTPUT system permission");
+            return false;
         }
-        return false;
+
+        if (requireValidProjection && !canProjectAudio(projection)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (requireModifyRouting
+                && !callerHasPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_ROUTING)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Can not capture audio without MODIFY_AUDIO_ROUTING");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
     }
-    private boolean hasPermission(String permission) {
-        return PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkCallingPermission(permission);
+
+    private boolean callerHasPermission(String permission) {
+        return mContext.checkCallingPermission(permission) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
     }
 
     /** @return true if projection is a valid MediaProjection that can project audio. */
     private boolean canProjectAudio(IMediaProjection projection) {
         if (projection == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "MediaProjection is null");
             return false;
         }