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am de54a95b: Merge "docs: add a section about debugging web pages with the Console APIs; revise and cleanup some of the other content." into eclair

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Merge commit 'de54a95b98b9d80c10ca2788b83386094222cb4f' into eclair-plus-aosp

* commit 'de54a95b98b9d80c10ca2788b83386094222cb4f':
  docs: add a section about debugging web pages with the Console APIs;
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Scott Main
2010-01-19 19:59:13 -08:00
committed by Android Git Automerger
parent 5f64128568 de54a95b98
commit 5ed681561c
1 changed files with 169 additions and 104 deletions
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docs/html/guide/developing/debug-tasks.jd
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@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ page.title=Debugging Tasks
<h2>In this document</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="#tools">Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="#additionaldebugging">Debug and Test Settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#additionaldebugging">Debug with Dev Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="#DebuggingWebPages">Debugging Web Pages</a></li>
<li><a href="#toptips">Top Debugging Tips</a></li>
<li><a href="#ide-debug-port">Configuring Your IDE to Attach to the Debugging Port</a></li>
</ol>
@@ -17,178 +18,242 @@ page.title=Debugging Tasks
<h2 id="tools">Tools</h2>
<p>The Android SDK includes a fairly extensive set of tools to help you debug your programs: </p>
<ul>
<li><a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/ddms.html"><strong>DDMS</strong></a> - A graphical program that
<p>The Android SDK includes a set of tools to help you debug and profile
your applications. Here are some tools that you'll use most often:</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/adb.html">Android Debug Bridge
(ADB)</a></strong></dt>
<dd>Provides various device management capabilities, including
moving and syncing files to the emulator, forwarding ports, and running a UNIX
shell on the emulator.</dd>
<dt><strong><a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/ddms.html">Dalvik Debug Monitor Server
(DDMS)</a></strong></dt>
<dd>A graphical program that
supports port forwarding (so you can set up breakpoints in your code in your
IDE), screen captures on the emulator, thread and stack information,
and many other features. You can also run logcat to retrieve your Log messages.
See the linked topic for more information. </li>
<li><strong><a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/ddms.html#logcat">logcat</a></strong> - Dumps a log of system
messages. The messages include a stack trace when the emulator throws an error,
as well as Log messages. To run logcat, see the linked topic.
<pre>...
I/MemoryDealer( 763): MemoryDealer (this=0x54bda0): Creating 2621440 bytes heap at 0x438db000
<span style="background-color:#CCCCCC; border-bottom:medium">I/Logger( 1858): getView() requesting item number 0
I/Logger( 1858): getView() requesting item number 1
I/Logger( 1858): getView() requesting item number 2</span>
D/ActivityManager( 763): Stopping: HistoryRecord{409dbb20 com.android.home.AllApps}
...</pre>
and many other features. You can also run logcat to retrieve your Log messages.</dd>
</dd>
<dt><strong><a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/traceview.html">Traceview</a></strong></dt>
<dd>A graphical viewer that displays trace file data for method calls and times saved by
your application, which can help you profile the performance of your application.</dd>
<dt><strong><a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/ddms.html#logcat">logcat</a></strong></dt>
<dd>Dumps a log of system
messages. The messages include a stack trace when the emulator throws an error,
as well as {@link android.util.Log} messages you've written from your application. To run
logcat, execute <code>adb logcat</code> or, from DDMS, select <strong>Device > Run
logcat</strong>.
<p>{@link android.util.Log} is a logging
class you can use to print out messages to the logcat. You can read messages
in real time if you run logcat on DDMS (covered next). Common logging methods include:
{@link android.util.Log#v(String,String)} (verbose), {@link
android.util.Log#d(String,String)} (debug), {@link android.util.Log#i(String,String)}
(information), {@link android.util.Log#w(String,String)} (warning) and {@link
android.util.Log#e(String,String)} (error). For example:</p>
<pre class="no-pretty-print">
Log.i("MyActivity", "MyClass.getView() &mdash; get item number " + position);
</pre>
<p>The logcat will then output something like:</p>
<pre class="no-pretty-print">
I/MyActivity( 1557): MyClass.getView() &mdash; get item number 1
</pre>
<p>Logcat is also the place to look when debugging a web page in the Android browser. All
browser bugs will be output to logcat with the {@code WebCore} tag.
</dl>
</li>
<li><p><strong>{@link android.util.Log Android Log}</strong>- A logging
class to print out messages to a log file on the emulator. You can read messages
in real time if you run logcat on DDMS (covered next). Add a few logging
method calls to your code.</p>
<p>To use the <code>Log</code> class, you just call <code>Log.v()</code>
(verbose), <code>Log.d()</code> (debug), <code>Log.i()</code> (information),
<code>Log.w()</code> (warning) or <code>Log.e</code> (error) depending
on the importance you wish to assign the log message.</p>
<code>Log.i(&quot;MyActivity&quot;, &quot;MyClass.getView()
&mdash; Requesting item number &quot; + position)</code>
<p>You can use logcat to read these messages</p></li>
<li><strong><a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/traceview.html">Traceview</a> </strong>- Android can save
a log of method calls and times to a logging file that you can view in a
graphical reader called Traceview. See the linked topic for more information. </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/eclipse-adt.html"><strong>Eclipse plugin</strong></a> - The ADT Plugin
for Eclipse integrates a number of these tools (ADB, DDMS, logcat output,
and other functionality). See the linked topic for more information. </li>
<li><strong>Debug and Test Device Settings</strong> - Android exposes several settings
that expose useful information such as CPU usage and frame rate. See <a href="#additionaldebugging">Debug
and Test Settings on the Emulator</a> below. </li>
</ul>
<p>Also, see the <a href="{@docRoot}resources/faq/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a> section
of the doc to figure out why your application isn't appearing on the emulator,
or why it's not starting. </p>
<p>For more information about all the development tools provided with the Android SDK, see the <a
href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/index.html">Tools</a> document.</p>
<p>In addition to the above tools, you may also find the following useful for debugging:
<dl>
<dt><a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/eclipse-adt.html"><strong>Eclipse ADT
plugin</strong></a></dt>
<dd>The ADT Plugin for Eclipse integrates a number of the Android development tools (ADB, DDMS,
logcat output, and other functionality), so that you won't work with them directly but will utilize
them through the Eclipse IDE.</dd>
<dt><strong>Developer Settings in the Dev Tools app</strong></dt>
<dd>The Dev Tools application included in the emulator system image exposes several settings
that provide useful information such as CPU usage and frame rate. See <a
href="#additionaldebugging">Debugging and Testing with Dev Tools</a> below.</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="additionaldebugging">Debug and Test Settings</h2>
<h2 id="additionaldebugging">Debugging and Testing with Dev Tools</h2>
<p>With the <strong>Dev Tools</strong> application, you can turn on a number of settings that will make it easier to test
and debug your applications. To get to the development settings page on the emulator, launch the
<strong>Dev Tools</strong> application and open <strong>Development Settings</strong>.
This will open the development settings page with the following options (among
others):</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Debug app</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Selects the application that
will be debugged. You do not need to set this to attach a debugger, but setting
this value has two effects:
<p>With the Dev Tools application, you can turn on a number of settings that will
make it easier to test and debug your applications. The Dev Tools application is automatically
installed on all system images included with the SDK. The source code for the Dev Tools application
is also provided in the SDK samples so that you may build it and then install the application on any
development device.</p>
<p>To get to the development settings page on the emulator, launch the Dev Tools application and
select Development Settings. This will open the Development Settings page with the
following options (among others):</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Debug app</strong></dt>
<dd>Lets you select the application to debug. You do not need to set this to attach a debugger,
but setting this value has two effects:
<ul>
<li>It will prevent Android from throwing an error if you pause on
<li>It will prevent Android from throwing an error if you pause on
a breakpoint for a long time while debugging.</li>
<li>It will enable you to select the <em>Wait for Debugger</em> option
to pause application startup until your debugger attaches (described
next). </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Wait for debugger </strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;
Blocks the selected application from loading until a debugger attaches. This
</dd>
<dt><strong>Wait for debugger</strong></dt>
<dd>Blocks the selected application from loading until a debugger attaches. This
way you can set a breakpoint in onCreate(), which is important to debug
the startup process of an Activity. When you change this option, any
currently running instances of the selected application will be killed.
In order to check this box, you must have selected a debug application
as described in the previous option. You can do the same thing by adding
{@link android.os.Debug#waitForDebugger()} to your code. </li>
<li><strong>Immediately destroy activities</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tells the
{@link android.os.Debug#waitForDebugger()} to your code.</dd>
<dt><strong>Show screen updates</strong></dt>
<dd>Flashes a momentary pink rectangle on any screen sections that are being
redrawn. This is very useful for discovering unnecessary screen drawing.</dd>
<dt><strong>Immediately destroy activities</strong></dt>
<dd>Tells the
system to destroy an activity as soon as it is stopped (as if Android had to
reclaim memory).&nbsp; This is very useful for testing the {@link android.app.Activity#onSaveInstanceState}
/ {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate(android.os.Bundle)} code path, which would
otherwise be difficult to force. Choosing this option will probably reveal
a number of problems in your application due to not saving state.</li>
<li><strong>Show screen updates</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
Flashes a momentary pink rectangle on any screen sections that are being
redrawn. This is very useful for discovering unnecessary screen drawing. </li>
<li><strong>Show CPU usage</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Displays CPU meters at the
a number of problems in your application due to not saving state.</dd>
<dt><strong>Show CPU usage</strong></dt>
<dd>Displays CPU meters at the
top of the screen, showing how much the CPU is being used. The top red bar
shows overall CPU usage, and the green bar underneath it shows the CPU time
spent in compositing the screen. <em>Note: You cannot turn this feature off
once it is on, without restarting the emulator.</em> </li>
<li><strong>Show background</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Displays a background pattern
once it is on, without restarting the emulator.</em> </dd>
<dt><strong>Show background</strong></dt>
<dd>Displays a background pattern
when no activity screens are visible. This typically does not happen, but
can happen during debugging. </li>
</ul>
can happen during debugging.</dd>
</dl>
<p>These settings will be remembered across emulator restarts. </p>
<h2 id="DebuggingWebPages">Debugging Web Pages</h2>
<p>If you're developing a web application for Android devices, you can debug your JavaScript on
Android using the Console APIs, which will output messages to logcat. If you're familiar
debugging web pages with Firefox's FireBug or WebKit's Web Inspector, then you're probably familiar
with the Console APIs. The Android Browser (and {@link android.webkit.WebChromeClient}) supports
most of the same APIs.</p>
<p>When you call a function from the Console APIs (in the DOM's {@code window.console} object),
you will see the output in logcat as a warning. For example, if your web page
executes the following JavaScript:</p>
<pre class="no-pretty-print">
console.log("Hello World");
</pre>
<p>Then the logcat output from the Android Browser will look like this:</p>
<pre class="no-pretty-print">
W/browser ( 202): Console: Hello World :0
</pre>
<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> All Console messages from the Android
Browser are tagged with the name "browser" on Android platforms running API Level 7 or higher and
tagged with the name "WebCore" for platforms running API Level 6 or lower.</p>
<p>Not all of the Console APIs available in Firefox or other WebKit browsers are implemented
on Android. Mostly, you need to depend on basic text logging provided by
functions like {@code console.log(String)}, {@code console.info(String)}, {@code
console.warn(String)}, and {@code console.error(String)}. Although other Console functions may not
be implemented, they will not raise run-time errors, but will simply not behave as you might
expect.</p>
<p>If you've implemented a custom {@link android.webkit.WebView} in your application, then in order
to receive messages that are sent through the Console APIs, you must provide a {@link
android.webkit.WebChromeClient} that implements the {@link
android.webkit.WebChromeClient#onConsoleMessage(String,int,String) onConsoleMessage()} callback
method. For example, assuming that the {@code myWebView} field references the {@link
android.webkit.WebView} in your application, you can log debug messages like this:</p>
<pre>
myWebView.setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient() {
public void onConsoleMessage(String message, int lineNumber, String sourceID) {
Log.d("MyApplication", message);
}
});
</pre>
<p>The {@link android.webkit.WebChromeClient#onConsoleMessage(String,int,String)
onConsoleMessage()} method will be called each time one of the Console methods is called from
within your {@link android.webkit.WebView}.</p>
<p>When the "Hello World" log is executed through your {@link android.webkit.WebView}, it will
now look like this:</p>
<pre class="no-pretty-print">
D/MyApplication ( 430): Hello World
</pre>
<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> The {@link
android.webkit.WebChromeClient#onConsoleMessage(String,int,String) onConsoleMessage()} callback
method was added with API Level 7. If you are targetting platforms running API Level 6 or lower,
then your Console messages will automatically be sent to logcat with the "WebCore" logging tag.</p>
<h2 id="toptips">Top Debugging Tips</h2>
<!--
<ul>
<li><a href="#stackdump">Quick stack dump</a></li>
<li><a href="#displayinfo">Displaying useful info on the emulator screen </a></li>
<li><a href="#dumpstate">Getting system state information from the emulator (dumpstate)</a></li>
<li><a href="#dumpsys">Getting application state information from the emulator (dumpsys)</a></li>
<li><a href="#radioinfo">Getting wireless connectivity information</a></li>
<li><a href="#loggingdata">Logging Trace Data</a></li>
<li><a href="#logradio">Logging Radio Data </a></li>
<li><a href="#adb">Running adb</a></li>
<li><a href="#screencaps">Getting screen captures from the emulator</a></li>
<li><a href="#debughelpers">Using debug helper classes</a></li>
</ul>
-->
<dl>
<dt>Quick stack dump <a name="stackdump" id="stackdump"></a></dt>
<dt><strong>Dump the stack trace</strong></dt>
<dd>To obtain a stack dump from emulator, you can log
in with <code>adb shell</code>, use &quot;ps&quot; to find the process you
want, and then &quot;kill -3 &quot;. The stack trace appears in the log file.
</dd>
<dt>Displaying useful info on the emulator screen<a name="displayinfo" id="displayinfo"></a></dt>
<dt><strong>Display useful info on the emulator screen</strong></dt>
<dd>The device can display useful information such as CPU usage or highlights
around redrawn areas. Turn these features on and off in the developer settings
window as described in <a href="#additionaldebugging">Setting debug and test
configurations on the emulator</a>.
</dd>
<dt>Getting system state information from the emulator (dumpstate)<a name="dumpstate" id="dumpstate"></a> </dt>
<dt><strong>Get system state information from the emulator (dumpstate)</strong></dt>
<dd>You can access dumpstate information from the Dalvik Debug Monitor Service
tool. See <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/adb.html#dumpsys">dumpsys and
dumpstate</a> on the adb topic page.</dd>
<dt>Getting application state information from the emulator (dumpsys)<a name="dumpsys" id="dumpsys"></a></dt>
<dt><strong>Get application state information from the emulator (dumpsys)</strong></dt>
<dd>You can access dumpsys information from the Dalvik Debug Monitor Service
tool. See <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/adb.html#dumpsys">dumpsys and
dumpstate</a> on the adb topic page.</dd>
<dt>Getting wireless connectivity information <a name="radioinfo" id="radioinfo"></a></dt>
<dt><strong>Get wireless connectivity information</strong></dt>
<dd>You can get information about wireless connectivity using the Dalvik Debug
Monitor Service tool. From the <strong>Device</strong> menu, select &quot;Dump
radio state&quot;.</dd>
<dt>Logging Trace Data<a name="loggingdata" id="loggingdata"></a></dt>
<dt><strong>Log trace data</strong></dt>
<dd>You can log method calls and other tracing data in an activity by calling
android.os.Debug.startMethodTracing(). See <a
{@link android.os.Debug#startMethodTracing(String) startMethodTracing()}. See <a
href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/traceview.html">Running the Traceview Debugging
Program</a> for details. </dd>
<dt>Logging Radio Data<a name="logradio" id="logradio"></a></dt>
<dt><strong>Log radio data</strong></dt>
<dd>By default, radio information is not logged to the system (it is a lot of
data). However, you can enable radio logging using the following commands:
<pre>
<pre class="no-pretty-print">
adb shell
logcat -b radio
</pre>
</dd>
<dt>Running adb<a name="adb" id="adb"></a></dt>
<dd>Android ships with a tool called adb that provides various capabilities, including
moving and syncing files to the emulator, forwarding ports, and running a UNIX
shell on the emulator. See <a href="{@docRoot}guide/developing/tools/adb.html">Using adb</a> for details.</dd>
<dt>Getting screen captures from the emulator<a name="screencaps" id="screencaps"></a></dt>
<dd> Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS) can capture screenshots from the emulator.</dd>
<a name="debughelpers"></a>
<dt>Using debugging helper classes</dt>
<dt><strong>Capture screenshots</strong></dt>
<dd>The Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS) can capture screenshots from the emulator. Select
<strong>Device > Screen capture</strong>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Use debugging helper classes</strong></dt>
<dd>Android provides debug helper classes such as {@link android.util.Log
util.Log} and {@link android.os.Debug} for your convenience. </dd>
</dl>
<p>Also see the <a href="{@docRoot}resources/faq/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a> document
for answers to some common developing and debugging issues.</p>
<h2 id="ide-debug-port">Configuring Your IDE to Attach to the Debugging Port</h2>
<p>DDMS will assign a specific debugging port to every virtual machine that it