diff --git a/services/voiceinteraction/java/com/android/server/soundtrigger/SoundTriggerHelper.java b/services/voiceinteraction/java/com/android/server/soundtrigger/SoundTriggerHelper.java
index 1aa952cd58b9e..520b0e8962683 100644
--- a/services/voiceinteraction/java/com/android/server/soundtrigger/SoundTriggerHelper.java
+++ b/services/voiceinteraction/java/com/android/server/soundtrigger/SoundTriggerHelper.java
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
             // Process existing model first.
             if (model != null && !model.getModelId().equals(soundModel.uuid)) {
                 // The existing model has a different UUID, should be replaced.
-                int status = cleanUpExistingKeyphraseModel(model);
+                int status = cleanUpExistingKeyphraseModelLocked(model);
                 if (status != STATUS_OK) {
                     return status;
                 }
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
         }
     }
 
-    private int cleanUpExistingKeyphraseModel(ModelData modelData) {
+    private int cleanUpExistingKeyphraseModelLocked(ModelData modelData) {
         // Stop and clean up a previous ModelData if one exists. This usually is used when the
         // previous model has a different UUID for the same keyphrase ID.
         int status = tryStopAndUnloadLocked(modelData, true /* stop */, true /* unload */);
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
         try {
             callback.onGenericSoundTriggerDetected((GenericRecognitionEvent) event);
         } catch (DeadObjectException e) {
-            forceStopAndUnloadModel(model, e);
+            forceStopAndUnloadModelLocked(model, e);
             return;
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             Slog.w(TAG, "RemoteException in onGenericSoundTriggerDetected", e);
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
             try {
                 modelData.getCallback().onRecognitionPaused();
             } catch (DeadObjectException e) {
-                forceStopAndUnloadModel(modelData, e);
+                forceStopAndUnloadModelLocked(modelData, e);
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
                 Slog.w(TAG, "RemoteException in onRecognitionPaused", e);
             }
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
         Slog.w(TAG, "Recognition failure");
         MetricsLogger.count(mContext, "sth_recognition_failure_event", 1);
         try {
-            sendErrorCallbacksToAll(STATUS_ERROR);
+            sendErrorCallbacksToAllLocked(STATUS_ERROR);
         } finally {
             internalClearModelStateLocked();
             internalClearGlobalStateLocked();
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
         try {
             modelData.getCallback().onKeyphraseDetected((KeyphraseRecognitionEvent) event);
         } catch (DeadObjectException e) {
-            forceStopAndUnloadModel(modelData, e);
+            forceStopAndUnloadModelLocked(modelData, e);
             return;
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             Slog.w(TAG, "RemoteException in onKeyphraseDetected", e);
@@ -778,7 +778,9 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
 
     private void updateAllRecognitionsLocked(boolean notify) {
         boolean isAllowed = isRecognitionAllowed();
-        for (ModelData modelData : mModelDataMap.values()) {
+        // updateRecognitionLocked can possibly update the list of models
+        ArrayList<ModelData> modelDatas = new ArrayList<ModelData>(mModelDataMap.values());
+        for (ModelData modelData : modelDatas) {
             updateRecognitionLocked(modelData, isAllowed, notify);
         }
     }
@@ -800,7 +802,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
     private void onServiceDiedLocked() {
         try {
             MetricsLogger.count(mContext, "sth_service_died", 1);
-            sendErrorCallbacksToAll(SoundTrigger.STATUS_DEAD_OBJECT);
+            sendErrorCallbacksToAllLocked(SoundTrigger.STATUS_DEAD_OBJECT);
         } finally {
             internalClearModelStateLocked();
             internalClearGlobalStateLocked();
@@ -885,21 +887,21 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
     }
 
     // Sends an error callback to all models with a valid registered callback.
-    private void sendErrorCallbacksToAll(int errorCode) {
+    private void sendErrorCallbacksToAllLocked(int errorCode) {
         for (ModelData modelData : mModelDataMap.values()) {
             IRecognitionStatusCallback callback = modelData.getCallback();
             if (callback != null) {
                 try {
                     callback.onError(errorCode);
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                    Slog.w(TAG, "RemoteException sendErrorCallbacksToAll for model handle " +
+                    Slog.w(TAG, "RemoteException sendErrorCallbacksToAllLocked for model handle " +
                             modelData.getHandle(), e);
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private void forceStopAndUnloadModel(ModelData modelData, Exception exception) {
+    private void forceStopAndUnloadModelLocked(ModelData modelData, Exception exception) {
         if (exception != null) {
           Slog.e(TAG, "forceStopAndUnloadModel", exception);
         }
@@ -1020,7 +1022,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
                 try {
                     callback.onError(status);
                 } catch (DeadObjectException e) {
-                    forceStopAndUnloadModel(modelData, e);
+                    forceStopAndUnloadModelLocked(modelData, e);
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
                     Slog.w(TAG, "RemoteException in onError", e);
                 }
@@ -1034,7 +1036,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
                 try {
                     callback.onRecognitionResumed();
                 } catch (DeadObjectException e) {
-                    forceStopAndUnloadModel(modelData, e);
+                    forceStopAndUnloadModelLocked(modelData, e);
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
                     Slog.w(TAG, "RemoteException in onRecognitionResumed", e);
                 }
@@ -1061,7 +1063,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
                 try {
                     callback.onError(status);
                 } catch (DeadObjectException e) {
-                    forceStopAndUnloadModel(modelData, e);
+                    forceStopAndUnloadModelLocked(modelData, e);
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
                     Slog.w(TAG, "RemoteException in onError", e);
                 }
@@ -1074,7 +1076,7 @@ public class SoundTriggerHelper implements SoundTrigger.StatusListener {
                 try {
                     callback.onRecognitionPaused();
                 } catch (DeadObjectException e) {
-                    forceStopAndUnloadModel(modelData, e);
+                    forceStopAndUnloadModelLocked(modelData, e);
                 } catch (RemoteException e) {
                     Slog.w(TAG, "RemoteException in onRecognitionPaused", e);
                 }