From 8dd6275e2871bea1acb20cbdd98ea0451b3d5be0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Joe Malin Date: Mon, 26 Nov 2012 14:06:35 -0800 Subject: [PATCH] Android Training: Multiple Threads Change-Id: I58c472aa5ed82f6b4fb50d9bbb4e66841b9e99c3 --- .../multiple-threads/communicate-ui.jd | 263 ++++++++++++++++++ .../multiple-threads/create-threadpool.jd | 238 ++++++++++++++++ .../multiple-threads/define-runnable.jd | 110 ++++++++ docs/html/training/multiple-threads/index.jd | 83 ++++++ .../training/multiple-threads/run-code.jd | 148 ++++++++++ .../multiple-threads/threadsample.zip | Bin 0 -> 75204 bytes docs/html/training/training_toc.cs | 27 ++ 7 files changed, 869 insertions(+) create mode 100644 docs/html/training/multiple-threads/communicate-ui.jd create mode 100644 docs/html/training/multiple-threads/create-threadpool.jd create mode 100644 docs/html/training/multiple-threads/define-runnable.jd create mode 100644 docs/html/training/multiple-threads/index.jd create mode 100644 docs/html/training/multiple-threads/run-code.jd create mode 100644 docs/html/training/multiple-threads/threadsample.zip diff --git a/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/communicate-ui.jd b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/communicate-ui.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..d9977d34c9e0f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/communicate-ui.jd @@ -0,0 +1,263 @@ +page.title=Communicating with the UI Thread + +trainingnavtop=true +@jd:body + +
+
+ + +

This lesson teaches you to

+
    +
  1. Define a Handler on the UI Thread
    2. +
  2. Move Data from a Task to the UI Thread +
+ +

You should also read

+ + + +

Try it out

+
+ Download the sample +

ThreadSample.zip

+
+ +
+
+

+ In the previous lesson you learned how to start a task on a thread managed by + {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor}. This final lesson shows you how to send data + from the task to objects running on the user interface (UI) thread. This feature allows your + tasks to do background work and then move the results to UI elements such as bitmaps. +

+

+ Every app has its own special thread that runs UI objects such as {@link android.view.View} + objects; this thread is called the UI thread. Only objects running on the UI thread have access + to other objects on that thread. Because tasks that you run on a thread from a thread pool + aren't running on your UI thread, they don't have access to UI objects. To move data + from a background thread to the UI thread, use a {@link android.os.Handler} that's + running on the UI thread. +

+

Define a Handler on the UI Thread

+

+ {@link android.os.Handler} is part of the Android system's framework for managing threads. A + {@link android.os.Handler} object receives messages and runs code to handle the messages. + Normally, you create a {@link android.os.Handler} for a new thread, but you can + also create a {@link android.os.Handler} that's connected to an existing thread. + When you connect a {@link android.os.Handler} to your UI thread, the code that handles messages + runs on the UI thread. +

+

+ Instantiate the {@link android.os.Handler} object in the constructor for the class that + creates your thread pools, and store the object in a global variable. Connect it to the UI + thread by instantiating it with the {@link android.os.Handler#Handler(Looper) Handler(Looper)} + constructor. This constructor uses a {@link android.os.Looper} object, which is another part of + the Android system's thread management framework. When you instantiate a + {@link android.os.Handler} based on a particular {@link android.os.Looper} instance, the + {@link android.os.Handler} runs on the same thread as the {@link android.os.Looper}. + For example: +

+
+private PhotoManager() {
+...
+    // Defines a Handler object that's attached to the UI thread
+    mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) {
+    ...
+
+

+ Inside the {@link android.os.Handler}, override the {@link android.os.Handler#handleMessage + handleMessage()} method. The Android system invokes this method when it receives a new message + for a thread it's managing; all of the {@link android.os.Handler} objects for a particular + thread receive the same message. For example: +

+
+        /*
+         * handleMessage() defines the operations to perform when
+         * the Handler receives a new Message to process.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message inputMessage) {
+            // Gets the image task from the incoming Message object.
+            PhotoTask photoTask = (PhotoTask) inputMessage.obj;
+            ...
+        }
+    ...
+    }
+}
+The next section shows how to tell the {@link android.os.Handler} to move data.
+
+

Move Data from a Task to the UI Thread

+

+ To move data from a task object running on a background thread to an object on the UI thread, + start by storing references to the data and the UI object in the task object. Next, pass the + task object and a status code to the object that instantiated the {@link android.os.Handler}. + In this object, send a {@link android.os.Message} containing the status and the task object to + the {@link android.os.Handler}. Because {@link android.os.Handler} is running on the UI thread, + it can move the data to the UI object. + +

Store data in the task object

+

+ For example, here's a {@link java.lang.Runnable}, running on a background thread, that decodes a + {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} and stores it in its parent object PhotoTask. + The {@link java.lang.Runnable} also stores the status code DECODE_STATE_COMPLETED. +

+
+// A class that decodes photo files into Bitmaps
+class PhotoDecodeRunnable implements Runnable {
+    ...
+    PhotoDecodeRunnable(PhotoTask downloadTask) {
+        mPhotoTask = downloadTask;
+    }
+    ...
+    // Gets the downloaded byte array
+    byte[] imageBuffer = mPhotoTask.getByteBuffer();
+    ...
+    // Runs the code for this task
+    public void run() {
+        ...
+        // Tries to decode the image buffer
+        returnBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(
+                imageBuffer,
+                0,
+                imageBuffer.length,
+                bitmapOptions
+        );
+        ...
+        // Sets the ImageView Bitmap
+        mPhotoTask.setImage(returnBitmap);
+        // Reports a status of "completed"
+        mPhotoTask.handleDecodeState(DECODE_STATE_COMPLETED);
+        ...
+    }
+    ...
+}
+...
+
+

+ PhotoTask also contains a handle to the {@link android.widget.ImageView} that + displays the {@link android.graphics.Bitmap}. Even though references to + the {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} and {@link android.widget.ImageView} are in the same object, + you can't assign the {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} to the {@link android.widget.ImageView}, + because you're not currently running on the UI thread. +

+

+ Instead, the next step is to send this status to the PhotoTask object. +

+

Send status up the object hierarchy

+

+ PhotoTask is the next higher object in the hierarchy. It maintains references to + the decoded data and the {@link android.view.View} object that will show the data. It receives + a status code from PhotoDecodeRunnable and passes it along to the object that + maintains thread pools and instantiates {@link android.os.Handler}: +

+
+public class PhotoTask {
+    ...
+    // Gets a handle to the object that creates the thread pools
+    sPhotoManager = PhotoManager.getInstance();
+    ...
+    public void handleDecodeState(int state) {
+        int outState;
+        // Converts the decode state to the overall state.
+        switch(state) {
+            case PhotoDecodeRunnable.DECODE_STATE_COMPLETED:
+                outState = PhotoManager.TASK_COMPLETE;
+                break;
+            ...
+        }
+        ...
+        // Calls the generalized state method
+        handleState(outState);
+    }
+    ...
+    // Passes the state to PhotoManager
+    void handleState(int state) {
+        /*
+         * Passes a handle to this task and the
+         * current state to the class that created
+         * the thread pools
+         */
+        sPhotoManager.handleState(this, state);
+    }
+    ...
+}
+
+

Move data to the UI

+

+ From the PhotoTask object, the PhotoManager object receives a status + code and a handle to the PhotoTask object. Because the status is + TASK_COMPLETE, creates a {@link android.os.Message} containing the state and task + object and sends it to the {@link android.os.Handler}: +

+
+public class PhotoManager {
+    ...
+    // Handle status messages from tasks
+    public void handleState(PhotoTask photoTask, int state) {
+        switch (state) {
+            ...
+            // The task finished downloading and decoding the image
+            case TASK_COMPLETE:
+                /*
+                 * Creates a message for the Handler
+                 * with the state and the task object
+                 */
+                Message completeMessage =
+                        mHandler.obtainMessage(state, photoTask);
+                completeMessage.sendToTarget();
+                break;
+            ...
+        }
+        ...
+    }
+
+

+ Finally, {@link android.os.Handler#handleMessage Handler.handleMessage()} checks the status + code for each incoming {@link android.os.Message}. If the status code is + TASK_COMPLETE, then the task is finished, and the PhotoTask object + in the {@link android.os.Message} contains both a {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} and an + {@link android.widget.ImageView}. Because + {@link android.os.Handler#handleMessage Handler.handleMessage()} is + running on the UI thread, it can safely move the {@link android.graphics.Bitmap} to the + {@link android.widget.ImageView}: +

+
+    private PhotoManager() {
+        ...
+            mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) {
+                @Override
+                public void handleMessage(Message inputMessage) {
+                    // Gets the task from the incoming Message object.
+                    PhotoTask photoTask = (PhotoTask) inputMessage.obj;
+                    // Gets the ImageView for this task
+                    PhotoView localView = photoTask.getPhotoView();
+                    ...
+                    switch (inputMessage.what) {
+                        ...
+                        // The decoding is done
+                        case TASK_COMPLETE:
+                            /*
+                             * Moves the Bitmap from the task
+                             * to the View
+                             */
+                            localView.setImageBitmap(photoTask.getImage());
+                            break;
+                        ...
+                        default:
+                            /*
+                             * Pass along other messages from the UI
+                             */
+                            super.handleMessage(inputMessage);
+                    }
+                    ...
+                }
+                ...
+            }
+            ...
+    }
+...
+}
+
diff --git a/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/create-threadpool.jd b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/create-threadpool.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..4a4ddb1255f8f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/create-threadpool.jd @@ -0,0 +1,238 @@ +page.title=Creating a Manager for Multiple Threads + +trainingnavtop=true +@jd:body + +
+
+ + +

This lesson teaches you to

+
    +
  1. Define the Thread Pool Class +
  2. Determine the Thread Pool Parameters
    3. +
  3. Create a Pool of Threads
    4. +
+ + +

You should also read

+ + +

Try it out

+
+ Download the sample +

ThreadSample.zip

+
+ + +
+
+ +

+ The previous lesson showed how to define a task that executes on a + separate thread. If you only want to run the task once, this may be all you need. If you want + to run a task repeatedly on different sets of data, but you only need one execution running at a + time, an {@link android.app.IntentService} suits your needs. To automatically run tasks + as resources become available, or to allow multiple tasks to run at the same time (or both), + you need to provide a managed collection of threads. To do this, use an instance of + {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor}, which runs a task from a queue when a thread + in its pool becomes free. To run a task, all you have to do is add it to the queue. +

+

+ A thread pool can run multiple parallel instances of a task, so you should ensure that your + code is thread-safe. Enclose variables that can be accessed by more than one thread in a + synchronized block. This approach will prevent one thread from reading the variable + while another is writing to it. Typically, this situation arises with static variables, but it + also occurs in any object that is only instantiated once. To learn more about this, read the + + Processes and Threads API guide. + +

+

Define the Thread Pool Class

+

+ Instantiate {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor} in its own class. Within this class, + do the following: +

+
+
+ Use static variables for thread pools +
+
+ You may only want a single instance of a thread pool for your app, in order to have a + single control point for restricted CPU or network resources. If you have different + {@link java.lang.Runnable} types, you may want to have a thread pool for each one, but each + of these can be a single instance. For example, you can add this as part of your + global field declarations: +
+public class PhotoManager {
+    ...
+    static  {
+        ...
+        // Creates a single static instance of PhotoManager
+        sInstance = new PhotoManager();
+    }
+    ...
+
+
+
+ Use a private constructor +
+
+ Making the constructor private ensures that it is a singleton, which means that you don't + have to enclose accesses to the class in a synchronized block: +
+public class PhotoManager {
+    ...
+    /**
+     * Constructs the work queues and thread pools used to download
+     * and decode images. Because the constructor is marked private,
+     * it's unavailable to other classes, even in the same package.
+     */
+    private PhotoManager() {
+    ...
+    }
+
+
+
+ Start your tasks by calling methods in the thread pool class. +
+
+ Define a method in the thread pool class that adds a task to a thread pool's queue. For + example: +
+public class PhotoManager {
+    ...
+    // Called by the PhotoView to get a photo
+    static public PhotoTask startDownload(
+        PhotoView imageView,
+        boolean cacheFlag) {
+        ...
+        // Adds a download task to the thread pool for execution
+        sInstance.
+                mDownloadThreadPool.
+                execute(downloadTask.getHTTPDownloadRunnable());
+        ...
+    }
+
+
+
+ Instantiate a {@link android.os.Handler} in the constructor and attach it to your app's + UI thread. +
+
+ A {@link android.os.Handler} allows your app to safely call the methods of UI objects + such as {@link android.view.View} objects. Most UI objects may only be safely altered from + the UI thread. This approach is described in more detail in the lesson + Communicate with the UI Thread. For example: +
+    private PhotoManager() {
+    ...
+        // Defines a Handler object that's attached to the UI thread
+        mHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) {
+            /*
+             * handleMessage() defines the operations to perform when
+             * the Handler receives a new Message to process.
+             */
+            @Override
+            public void handleMessage(Message inputMessage) {
+                ...
+            }
+        ...
+        }
+    }
+
+
+
+

Determine the Thread Pool Parameters

+

+ Once you have the overall class structure, you can start defining the thread pool. To + instantiate a {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor} object, you need the + following values: +

+
+
+ Initial pool size and maximum pool size +
+
+ The initial number of threads to allocate to the pool, and the maximum allowable number. + The number of threads you can have in a thread pool depends primarily on the number of cores + available for your device. This number is available from the system environment: +
+public class PhotoManager {
+...
+    /*
+     * Gets the number of available cores
+     * (not always the same as the maximum number of cores)
+     */
+    private static int NUMBER_OF_CORES =
+            Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
+}
+
+ This number may not reflect the number of physical cores in the device; some devices have + CPUs that deactivate one or more cores depending on the system load. For these devices, + {@link java.lang.Runtime#availableProcessors availableProcessors()} returns the number of + active cores, which may be less than the total number of cores. +
+
+ Keep alive time and time unit +
+
+ The duration that a thread will remain idle before it shuts down. The duration is + interpreted by the time unit value, one of the constants defined in + {@link java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit}. +
+
+ A queue of tasks +
+
+ The incoming queue from which {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor} takes + {@link java.lang.Runnable} objects. To start code on a thread, a thread pool manager takes a + {@link java.lang.Runnable} object from a first-in, first-out queue and attaches it to the + thread. You provide this queue object when you create the thread pool, using any queue class + that implements the {@link java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue} interface. To match the + requirements of your app, you can choose from the available queue implementations; to learn + more about them, see the class overview for {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor}. + This example uses the {@link java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue} class: +
+public class PhotoManager {
+    ...
+    private PhotoManager() {
+        ...
+        // A queue of Runnables
+        private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> mDecodeWorkQueue;
+        ...
+        // Instantiates the queue of Runnables as a LinkedBlockingQueue
+        mDecodeWorkQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>();
+        ...
+    }
+    ...
+}
+
+
+
+

Create a Pool of Threads

+

+ To create a pool of threads, instantiate a thread pool manager by calling + {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor#ThreadPoolExecutor ThreadPoolExecutor()}. + This creates and manages a constrained group of threads. Because the initial pool size and + the maximum pool size are the same, {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor} creates + all of the thread objects when it is instantiated. For example: +

+
+    private PhotoManager() {
+        ...
+        // Sets the amount of time an idle thread waits before terminating
+        private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_TIME = 1;
+        // Sets the Time Unit to seconds
+        private static final TimeUnit KEEP_ALIVE_TIME_UNIT = TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+        // Creates a thread pool manager
+        mDecodeThreadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
+                NUMBER_OF_CORES,       // Initial pool size
+                NUMBER_OF_CORES,       // Max pool size
+                KEEP_ALIVE_TIME,
+                KEEP_ALIVE_TIME_UNIT,
+                mDecodeWorkQueue);
+    }
+
diff --git a/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/define-runnable.jd b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/define-runnable.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..17640a976a984 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/define-runnable.jd @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +page.title=Specifying the Code to Run on a Thread + +trainingnavtop=true +@jd:body + +
+
+ + +

This lesson teaches you to

+
    +
  1. Define a Class that Implements Runnable
    2. +
  2. Implement the run() Method +
+ +

You should also read

+ + + +

Try it out

+
+ Download the sample +

ThreadSample.zip

+
+
+ +
+ + +

+ This lesson shows you how to implement a {@link java.lang.Runnable} class, which runs the code + in its {@link java.lang.Runnable#run Runnable.run()} method on a separate thread. You can also + pass a {@link java.lang.Runnable} to another object that can then attach it to a thread and + run it. One or more {@link java.lang.Runnable} objects that perform a particular operation are + sometimes called a task. +

+

+ {@link java.lang.Thread} and {@link java.lang.Runnable} are basic classes that, on their own, + have only limited power. Instead, they're the basis of powerful Android classes such as + {@link android.os.HandlerThread}, {@link android.os.AsyncTask}, and + {@link android.app.IntentService}. {@link java.lang.Thread} and {@link java.lang.Runnable} are + also the basis of the class {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor}. This class + automatically manages threads and task queues, and can even run multiple threads in parallel. +

+

Define a Class that Implements Runnable

+

+ Implementing a class that implements {@link java.lang.Runnable} is straightforward. For example: +

+
+public class PhotoDecodeRunnable implements Runnable {
+    ...
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        /*
+         * Code you want to run on the thread goes here
+         */
+        ...
+    }
+    ...
+}
+
+

Implement the run() Method

+

+ In the class, the {@link java.lang.Runnable#run Runnable.run()} method contains the + code that's executed. Usually, anything is allowable in a {@link java.lang.Runnable}. Remember, + though, that the {@link java.lang.Runnable} won't be running on the UI thread, so it can't + directly modify UI objects such as {@link android.view.View} objects. To communicate with + the UI thread, you have to use the techniques described in the lesson + Communicate with the UI Thread. +

+

+ At the beginning of the {@link java.lang.Runnable#run run()} method, set the thread to use + background priority by calling + {@link android.os.Process#setThreadPriority Process.setThreadPriority()} with + {@link android.os.Process#THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND}. This approach reduces + resource competition between the {@link java.lang.Runnable} object's thread and the UI + thread. +

+

+ You should also store a reference to the {@link java.lang.Runnable} object's + {@link java.lang.Thread} in the {@link java.lang.Runnable} itself, by calling + {@link java.lang.Thread#currentThread() Thread.currentThread()}. +

+

+ The following snippet shows how to set up the {@link java.lang.Runnable#run run()} method: +

+
+class PhotoDecodeRunnable implements Runnable {
+...
+    /*
+     * Defines the code to run for this task.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        // Moves the current Thread into the background
+        android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
+        ...
+        /*
+         * Stores the current Thread in the the PhotoTask instance,
+         * so that the instance
+         * can interrupt the Thread.
+         */
+        mPhotoTask.setImageDecodeThread(Thread.currentThread());
+        ...
+    }
+...
+}
+
diff --git a/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/index.jd b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/index.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..3ea57c51b05c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/index.jd @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +page.title=Sending Operations to Multiple Threads + +trainingnavtop=true +startpage=true + + +@jd:body + +
+
+ + +

Dependencies and prerequisites

+ + + +

You should also read

+ + +

Try it out

+
+ Download the sample +

ThreadSample.zip

+
+ +
+
+

+ The speed and efficiency of a long-running, data-intensive operation often improves when you + split it into smaller operations running on multiple threads. On a device that has a CPU with + multiple processors (cores), the system can run the threads in parallel, rather than making each + sub-operation wait for a chance to run. For example, decoding multiple image files in order to + display them on a thumbnail screen runs substantially faster when you do each decode on a + separate thread. +

+

+ This class shows you how to set up and use multiple threads in an Android app, using a + thread pool object. You'll also learn how to define code to run on a thread and how to + communicate between one of these threads and the UI thread. +

+

Lessons

+
+
+ Specifying the Code to Run on a Thread +
+
+ Learn how to write code to run on a separate {@link java.lang.Thread}, by + defining a class that implements the {@link java.lang.Runnable} interface. +
+
+ Creating a Manager for Multiple Threads +
+
+ Learn how to create an object that manages a pool of {@link java.lang.Thread} objects and + a queue of {@link java.lang.Runnable} objects. This object is called a + {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor}. +
+
+ Running Code on a Thread Pool Thread +
+
+ Learn how to run a {@link java.lang.Runnable} on a thread from the thread pool. +
+
+ Communicating with the UI Thread +
+
+ Learn how to communicate from a thread in the thread pool to the UI thread. +
+
+ diff --git a/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/run-code.jd b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/run-code.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..a828828345b06 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/training/multiple-threads/run-code.jd @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +page.title=Running Code on a Thread Pool Thread + +trainingnavtop=true +@jd:body + +
+
+ + +

This lesson teaches you to

+
    +
  1. Run a Runnable on a Thread in the Thread Pool
    2. +
  2. Interrupt Running Code
    3. +
+ +

You should also read

+ + + +

Try it out

+
+ Download the sample +

ThreadSample.zip

+
+ +
+
+ +

+ The previous lesson showed you how to define a class that manages thread pools and the tasks + that run on them. This lesson shows you how to run a task on a thread pool. To do this, + you add the task to the pool's work queue. When a thread becomes available, the + {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor} takes a task from the queue and runs it on the + thread. +

+

+ This lesson also shows you how to stop a task that's running. You might want to do this if a + task starts, but then discovers that its work isn't necessary. Rather than wasting processor + time, you can cancel the thread the task is running on. For example, if you are downloading + images from the network and using a cache, you probably want to stop a task if it detects that + an image is already present in the cache. Depending on how you write your app, you may not be + able to detect this before you start the download. +

+

Run a Task on a Thread in the Thread Pool

+

+ To start a task object on a thread in a particular thread pool, pass the + {@link java.lang.Runnable} to {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor#execute + ThreadPoolExecutor.execute()}. This call adds the task to the thread pool's work queue. When an + idle thread becomes available, the manager takes the task that has been waiting the longest and + runs it on the thread: +

+
+public class PhotoManager {
+    public void handleState(PhotoTask photoTask, int state) {
+        switch (state) {
+            // The task finished downloading the image
+            case DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE:
+            // Decodes the image
+                mDecodeThreadPool.execute(
+                        photoTask.getPhotoDecodeRunnable());
+            ...
+        }
+        ...
+    }
+    ...
+}
+
+

+ When {@link java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor} starts a {@link java.lang.Runnable} on a + thread, it automatically calls the object's {@link java.lang.Runnable#run run()} method. +

+

Interrupt Running Code

+

+ To stop a task, you need to interrupt the task's thread. To prepare to do this, you need to + store a handle to the task's thread when you create the task. For example: +

+
+class PhotoDecodeRunnable implements Runnable {
+    // Defines the code to run for this task
+    public void run() {
+        /*
+         * Stores the current Thread in the
+         * object that contains PhotoDecodeRunnable
+         */
+        mPhotoTask.setImageDecodeThread(Thread.currentThread());
+        ...
+    }
+    ...
+}
+
+

+ To interrupt a thread, call {@link java.lang.Thread#interrupt Thread.interrupt()}. Notice that + {@link java.lang.Thread} objects are controlled by the system, which can modify them outside of + your app's process. For this reason, you need to lock access on a thread before you + interrupt it, by placing the access in a synchronized block. For example: +

+
+public class PhotoManager {
+    public static void cancelAll() {
+        /*
+         * Creates an array of Runnables that's the same size as the
+         * thread pool work queue
+         */
+        Runnable[] runnableArray = new Runnable[mDecodeWorkQueue.size()];
+        // Populates the array with the Runnables in the queue
+        mDecodeWorkQueue.toArray(runnableArray);
+        // Stores the array length in order to iterate over the array
+        int len = runnableArray.length;
+        /*
+         * Iterates over the array of Runnables and interrupts each one's Thread.
+         */
+        synchronized (sInstance) {
+            // Iterates over the array of tasks
+            for (int runnableIndex = 0; runnableIndex < len; runnableIndex++) {
+                // Gets the current thread
+                Thread thread = runnableArray[taskArrayIndex].mThread;
+                // if the Thread exists, post an interrupt to it
+                if (null != thread) {
+                    thread.interrupt();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ...
+}
+
+

+ In most cases, {@link java.lang.Thread#interrupt Thread.interrupt()} stops the thread + immediately. However, it only stops threads that are waiting, and will not interrupt CPU or + network-intensive tasks. To avoid slowing down or locking up the system, you should test for + any pending interrupt requests before attempting an operation : +

+
+/*
+ * Before continuing, checks to see that the Thread hasn't
+ * been interrupted
+ */
+if (Thread.interrupted()) {
+    return;
+}
+...
+// Decodes a byte array into a Bitmap (CPU-intensive)
+BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(
+        imageBuffer, 0, imageBuffer.length, bitmapOptions);
+...
+
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a/docs/html/training/training_toc.cs b/docs/html/training/training_toc.cs index e07e669dcbea3..b3e71f6241550 100644 --- a/docs/html/training/training_toc.cs +++ b/docs/html/training/training_toc.cs @@ -907,6 +907,33 @@ +
  • +
    + + Sending Operations to Multiple Threads +
    + +