From a4c5bba07e121569ab504b2191ee576f09407f5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Scott Main Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2013 19:08:08 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] add document about GoogleApiClient and one about GoogleAuthUtil also remove the Authorization document from the Google Services section. bug:10679818 Change-Id: Ibfade1eca68d89afe30b79d75ca5e38a2b3a84a8 --- docs/downloads/training/GoogleAuth.zip | Bin 0 -> 40808 bytes docs/html/google/auth/api-client.jd | 536 ++++++++++++++++++ docs/html/google/auth/http-auth.jd | 534 +++++++++++++++++ docs/html/google/google_toc.cs | 18 +- docs/html/google/play-services/setup.jd | 92 +-- docs/html/images/google/GoogleApiClient.png | Bin 0 -> 25771 bytes .../html/images/google/GoogleApiClient@2x.png | Bin 0 -> 62960 bytes 7 files changed, 1107 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-) create mode 100644 docs/downloads/training/GoogleAuth.zip create mode 100644 docs/html/google/auth/api-client.jd create mode 100644 docs/html/google/auth/http-auth.jd create mode 100644 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+ + + +

When you want to make a connection to one of the Google APIs provided in the Google Play services +library (such as Google+, Games, or Drive), you need to create an instance of {@code +GoogleApiClient} ("Google API Client"). The Google API Client provides a common entry point to all +the Google Play services and manages the network connection between the user's device and each +Google service.

+ +
+

Connecting to REST APIs

+

If the Google API you want to use is not included in the Google Play services library, you can +connect using the appropriate REST API, but you must obtain an OAuth 2.0 token. For more +information, read Authorizing with Google +for REST APIs.

+
+ +

This guide shows how you can use Google API Client to:

+
    +
  • Connect to one or more Google Play services asynchronously and handle failures.
    • +
  • Perform synchronous and asynchronous API calls to any of the Google Play services.
    • +
+ +

+Note: If you have an existing app that connects to Google Play services with a +subclass of {@code GooglePlayServicesClient}, you should migrate to {@code +GoogleApiClient} as soon as possible.

+ + + +

+Figure 1. An illustration showing how the Google API Client provides an +interface for connecting and making calls to any of the available Google Play services such as +Google Play Games and Google Drive.

+ + + +

To get started, you must first install the Google Play services library (revision 15 or higher) for +your Android SDK. If you haven't done so already, follow the instructions in Set Up Google +Play Services SDK.

+ + + + +

Start a Connection

+ +

Once your project is linked to the Google Play services library, create an instance of {@code +GoogleApiClient} using the {@code +GoogleApiClient.Builder} APIs in your activity's {@link +android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()} method. The {@code +GoogleApiClient.Builder} class +provides methods that allow you to specify the Google APIs you want to use and your desired OAuth +2.0 scopes. For example, here's a {@code +GoogleApiClient} instance that connects with the Google +Drive service:

+
+GoogleApiClient mGoogleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this)
+    .addApi(Drive.API)
+    .addScope(Drive.SCOPE_FILE)
+    .build();
+
+ +

You can add multiple APIs and multiple scopes to the same {@code +GoogleApiClient} by appending +additional calls to +{@code addApi()} and +{@code addScope()}.

+ +

However, before you can begin a connection by calling {@code connect()} on the {@code +GoogleApiClient}, you must specify an implementation for the callback interfaces, {@code ConnectionCallbacks} and {@code onConnectionFailedListener}. These interfaces receive callbacks in +response to the asynchronous {@code connect()} method when the connection to Google Play services +succeeds, fails, or becomes suspended.

+ +

For example, here's an activity that implements the callback interfaces and adds them to the Google +API Client:

+ +
+import gms.common.api.*;
+import gms.drive.*;
+import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
+
+public class MyActivity extends FragmentActivity
+        implements ConnectionCallbacks, OnConnectionFailedListener {
+    private GoogleApiClient mGoogleApiClient;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+
+        // Create a GoogleApiClient instance
+        mGoogleApiClient = new GoogleApiClient.Builder(this)
+                .addApi(Drive.API)
+                .addScope(Drive.SCOPE_FILE)
+                .addConnectionCallbacks(this)
+                .addOnConnectionFailedListener(this)
+                .build();
+        ...
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onConnected(Bundle connectionHint) {
+        // Connected to Google Play services!
+        // The good stuff goes here.
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onConnectionSuspended(int cause) {
+        // The connection has been interrupted.
+        // Disable any UI components that depend on Google APIs
+        // until onConnected() is called.
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onConnectionFailed(ConnectionResult result) {
+        // This callback is important for handling errors that
+        // may occur while attempting to connect with Google.
+        //
+        // More about this in the next section.
+        ...
+    }
+}
+
+ +

With the callback interfaces defined, you're ready to call {@code connect()}. To gracefully manage +the lifecycle of the connection, you should call {@code connect()} during the activity's {@link +android.app.Activity#onStart onStart()} (unless you want to connect later), then call {@code disconnect()} during the {@link android.app.Activity#onStop onStop()} method. For example:

+
+    @Override
+    protected void onStart() {
+        super.onStart();
+        if (!mResolvingError) {  // more about this later
+            mGoogleApiClient.connect();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onStop() {
+        mGoogleApiClient.disconnect();
+        super.onStop();
+    }
+
+ +

However, if you run this code, there's a good chance it will fail and your app will receive a call +to {@code onConnectionFailed()} with the {@code SIGN_IN_REQUIRED} error because the user account +has not been specified. The next section shows how to handle this error and others.

+ + + + +

Handle connection failures

+ +

When you receive a call to the {@code onConnectionFailed()} callback, you should call {@code hasResolution()} on the provided {@code ConnectionResult} object. If it returns true, you can +request the user take immediate action to resolve the error by calling {@code startResolutionForResult()} on the {@code ConnectionResult} object. The {@code startResolutionForResult()} behaves the same as {@link +android.app.Activity#startActivityForResult startActivityForResult()} and launches the +appropriate activity for the user +to resolve the error (such as an activity to select an account).

+ +

If {@code hasResolution()} returns false, you should instead call {@code GooglePlayServicesUtil.getErrorDialog()}, passing it the error code. This returns a {@link +android.app.Dialog} provided by Google Play services that's appropriate for the given error. The +dialog may simply provide a message explaining the error, but it may also provide an action to +launch an activity that can resolve the error (such as when the user needs to install a newer +version of Google Play services).

+ +

For example, your {@code onConnectionFailed()} callback method should now look like this:

+ +
+public class MyActivity extends FragmentActivity
+        implements ConnectionCallbacks, OnConnectionFailedListener {
+
+    // Request code to use when launching the resolution activity
+    private static final int REQUEST_RESOLVE_ERROR = 1001;
+    // Unique tag for the error dialog fragment
+    private static final String DIALOG_ERROR = "dialog_error";
+    // Bool to track whether the app is already resolving an error
+    private boolean mResolvingError = false;
+
+    ...
+
+    @Override
+    public void onConnectionFailed(ConnectionResult result) {
+        if (mResolvingError) {
+            // Already attempting to resolve an error.
+            return;
+        } else if (result.hasResolution()) {
+            try {
+                mResolvingError = true;
+                result.startResolutionForResult(this, REQUEST_RESOLVE_ERROR);
+            } catch (SendIntentException e) {
+                // There was an error with the resolution intent. Try again.
+                mGoogleApiClient.connect();
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Show dialog using GooglePlayServicesUtil.getErrorDialog()
+            showErrorDialog(result.getErrorCode());
+            mResolvingError = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // The rest of this code is all about building the error dialog
+
+    /* Creates a dialog for an error message */
+    private void showErrorDialog(int errorCode) {
+        // Create a fragment for the error dialog
+        ErrorDialogFragment dialogFragment = new ErrorDialogFragment();
+        // Pass the error that should be displayed
+        Bundle args = new Bundle();
+        args.putInt(DIALOG_ERROR, errorCode);
+        dialogFragment.setArguments(args);
+        dialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "errordialog");
+    }
+
+    /* Called from ErrorDialogFragment when the dialog is dismissed. */
+    public void onDialogDismissed() {
+        mResolvingError = false;
+    }
+
+    /* A fragment to display an error dialog */
+    public static class ErrorDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {
+        public ErrorDialogFragment() { }
+
+        @Override
+        public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+            // Get the error code and retrieve the appropriate dialog
+            int errorCode = this.getArguments().getInt(DIALOG_ERROR);
+            return GooglePlayServicesUtil.getErrorDialog(errorCode,
+                    this.getActivity(), REQUEST_RESOLVE_ERROR);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDismiss(DialogInterface dialog) {
+            ((MainActivity)getActivity()).onDialogDismissed();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+ +

Once the user completes the resolution provided by {@code startResolutionForResult()} or {@code GooglePlayServicesUtil.getErrorDialog()}, your activity receives the {@link +android.app.Activity#onActivityResult onActivityResult()} callback with the {@link +android.app.Activity#RESULT_OK} +result code. You can then call {@code connect()} again. For example:

+ +
+@Override
+protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
+    if (requestCode == REQUEST_RESOLVE_ERROR) {
+        mResolvingError = false;
+        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
+            // Make sure the app is not already connected or attempting to connect
+            if (!mGoogleApiClient.isConnecting() &&
+                    !mGoogleApiClient.isConnected()) {
+                mGoogleApiClient.connect();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+ +

In the above code, you probably noticed the boolean, {@code mResolvingError}. This keeps track of +the app state while the user is resolving the error to avoid repetitive attempts to resolve the +same error. For instance, while the account picker dialog is showing to resolve the {@code SIGN_IN_REQUIRED} error, the user may rotate the screen. This recreates your activity and causes +your {@link android.app.Activity#onStart onStart()} method to be called again, which then calls {@code connect()} again. This results in another call to {@code startResolutionForResult()}, which +creates another account picker dialog in front of the existing one.

+ +

This boolean is effective only +if retained across activity instances, though. The next section explains further.

+ + + +

Maintain state while resolving an error

+ +

To avoid executing the code in {@code onConnectionFailed()} while a previous attempt to resolve an +error is ongoing, you need to retain a boolean that tracks whether your app is already attempting +to resolve an error.

+ +

As shown in the code above, you should set a boolean to {@code true} each time you call {@code startResolutionForResult()} or display the dialog from {@code GooglePlayServicesUtil.getErrorDialog()}. Then when you +receive {@link android.app.Activity#RESULT_OK} in the {@link android.app.Activity#onActivityResult +onActivityResult()} callback, set the boolean to {@code false}.

+ +

To keep track of the boolean across activity restarts (such as when the user rotates the screen), +save the boolean in the activity's saved instance data using {@link +android.app.Activity#onSaveInstanceState onSaveInstanceState()}:

+ +
+private static final String STATE_RESOLVING_ERROR = "resolving_error";
+
+@Override
+protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
+    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
+    outState.putBoolean(STATE_RESOLVING_ERROR, mResolvingError);
+}
+
+ +

Then recover the saved state during {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()}:

+ +
+@Override
+protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+
+    ...
+    mResolvingError = savedInstanceState != null
+            && savedInstanceState.getBoolean(STATE_RESOLVING_ERROR, false);
+}
+
+ +

Now you're ready to safely run your app and connect to Google Play services. +How you can perform read and write requests to any of the Google Play services +using {@code +GoogleApiClient} is discussed in the next section.

+ +

For more information about each services's APIs available once you're connected, +consult the corresponding documentation, such as for +Google Play Games or +Google Drive. +

+ + + + +

Communicate with Google Services

+ +

Once connected, your client can make read and write calls using the service-specific APIs for which +your app is authorized, as specified by the APIs and scopes you added to your {@code +GoogleApiClient} instance.

+ +

+Note: Before making calls to specific Google services, you may first need to +register your app in the Google Developer Console. For specific instructions, refer to the +appropriate getting started guide for the API you're using, such as Google Drive or Google+.

+ +

When you perform a read or write request using Google API Client, the immediate result is returned +as a {@code +PendingResult} object. This is an object representing the request, which hasn't yet +been delivered to the Google service.

+ +

For example, here's a request to read a file from Google Drive that provides a +{@code +PendingResult} object:

+ +
+Query query = new Query.Builder()
+        .addFilter(Filters.eq(SearchableField.TITLE, filename));
+PendingResult result = Drive.DriveApi.query(mGoogleApiClient, query);
+
+ +

Once you have the +{@code +PendingResult}, you can continue by making the request either asynchronous +or synchronous.

+ + +

Using asynchronous calls

+ +

To make the request asynchronous, call {@code setResultCallback()} on the +{@code +PendingResult} and +provide an implementation of the {@code ResultCallback} interface. For example, here's the request +executed asynchronously:

+ +
+private void loadFile(String filename) {
+    // Create a query for a specific filename in Drive.
+    Query query = new Query.Builder()
+            .addFilter(Filters.eq(SearchableField.TITLE, filename))
+            .build();
+    // Invoke the query asynchronously with a callback method
+    Drive.DriveApi.query(mGoogleApiClient, query)
+            .setResultCallback(new ResultCallback<DriveApi.MetadataBufferResult>() {
+        @Override
+        public void onResult(DriveApi.MetadataBufferResult result) {
+            // Success! Handle the query result.
+            ...
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+ +

When your app receives a {@code Result} +object in the {@code onResult()} callback, it is delivered as an instance of the +appropriate subclass as specified by the API you're using, such as {@code DriveApi.MetadataBufferResult}.

+ + +

Using synchronous calls

+ +

If you want your code to execute in a strictly defined order, perhaps because the result of one +call is needed as an argument to another, you can make your request synchronous by calling {@code await()} on the +{@code +PendingResult}. This blocks the thread and returns the {@code Result} object +when the request completes, which is delivered as an instance of the +appropriate subclass as specified by the API you're using, such as {@code DriveApi.MetadataBufferResult}.

+ +

Because calling {@code await()} blocks the thread until the result arrives, it's important that you +never perform this call on the UI thread. So, if you want to perform synchronous requests to a +Google Play service, you should create a new thread, such as with {@link android.os.AsyncTask} in +which to perform the request. For example, here's how to perform the same file request to Google +Drive as a synchronous call:

+ +
+private void loadFile(String filename) {
+    new GetFileTask().execute(filename);
+}
+
+private class GetFileTask extends AsyncTask {
+    protected void doInBackground(String filename) {
+        Query query = new Query.Builder()
+                .addFilter(Filters.eq(SearchableField.TITLE, filename))
+                .build();
+        // Invoke the query synchronously
+        DriveApi.MetadataBufferResult result =
+                Drive.DriveApi.query(mGoogleApiClient, query).await();
+
+        // Continue doing other stuff synchronously
+        ...
+    }
+}
+
+ +

+Tip: You can also enqueue read requests while not connected to Google Play +services. For example, execute a method to read a file from Google Drive regardless of whether your +Google API Client is connected yet. Then once a connection is established, the read requests +execute and you'll receive the results. Any write requests, however, will generate an error if you +call them while your Google API Client is not connected.

+ diff --git a/docs/html/google/auth/http-auth.jd b/docs/html/google/auth/http-auth.jd new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000..3b2a83f996280 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/html/google/auth/http-auth.jd @@ -0,0 +1,534 @@ +page.title=Authorizing with Google for REST APIs +page.tags="oauth 2.0","GoogleAuthUtil" + +trainingnavtop=true +startpage=true + +@jd:body + + + + +

When you want your Android app to access Google APIs using the user's Google account over +HTTP, the {@code GoogleAuthUtil} +class and related APIs provide your users a secure and consistent experience for picking an +account and retrieving an OAuth 2.0 token for your app.

+ +

You can then use that token in your HTTP-based communications with Google API services +that are not included in the Google Play +services library, such as the Blogger or Translate APIs.

+ +

Note: An OAuth 2.0 token using {@code GoogleAuthUtil} +is required only for certain types of Google +APIs that you need to access over HTTP. If you're instead using the Google Play services library to access Google +APIs such as Google+ or Play Games, you don't need an OAuth 2.0 +token and you can instead access these services using the {@code GoogleApiClient}. For more +information, read Accessing Google Play +Services APIs.

+ +

To get started with {@code GoogleAuthUtil} +for accessing Google's REST APIs, you must set up your Android app project with the Google Play +services library. Follow the procedures in Setup Google Play Services SDK.

+ + + + +

Register Your App

+ +

Before you can publish an app that retrieves an OAuth 2.0 token for Google REST APIs, +you must register your Android app with the Google Cloud Console by providing your app's +package name and the SHA1 fingerprint of the keystore with which you sign your release APK.

+ +

Caution: While you are testing an APK that's signed with a +debug key, Google does not require that your app be registered in Google Cloud Console. However, +your app must be registered in Google Cloud Console in order to continue working once it is +signed +with a release key.

+ +

To register your Android app with Google Cloud Console:

+ +
    +
  1. Visit Google Cloud Console. +
  2. If you have an existing project to which you're adding an Android app, select the project. +Otherwise, click Create project at the top, enter your project name and ID, +then click Create. +

    Note: The name you provide for the project is the name that +appears to users in the Google Settings app in the list of Connected apps.

    +
  3. In the left-side navigation, select APIs & auth. +
  4. Enable the API you'd like to use by setting the Status to ON. + +
  5. In the left-side navigation, select Credentials. +
  6. Click Create new client ID or Create new key +as appropriate for your app.
    7. +
  7. Complete the form that appears by filling in your Android app details. +

    To get the SHA1 fingerprint for your app, run the following command in a terminal: +

    +keytool -exportcert -alias <keystore_alias> -keystore <keystore_path> -list -v
+
    +

    For example, you're using a debug-key with Eclipse, then the command looks like this:

    +
    +keytool -exportcert -alias androiddebugkey-keystore ~/.android/debug.keystore -list -v
+
    +

    Then the keystore password is "android".

    +
    8. +
  8. Click Create. +
+ +

The Credentials page then provides the available credentials such as an OAuth 2.0 client ID and +an Android Key, but you don't need these to authorize your Android users. Simply registering your +app with the package name and SHA1 makes the Google services accessible by your app. + + +

To acquire the OAuth 2.0 token that will grant you access to Google APIs over HTTP, you need to +first identify the user's Google account with which you'll query the servers. For this task, the +Google Play services library provides a convenient account picker dialog you can invoke using +{@code +AccountPicker}. The result delivered to your activity from the account picker is the account +name you'll use to request the OAuth 2.0 token in the next lesson.

+ +

Note: In order to use the APIs discussed here, you must +include the Google Play services library with your project. If you haven't set up your project +with the library yet, read the guide to Setup Google Play Services SDK.

+ + + +

Invoke the Account Picker

+ +

To open the account picker dialog that's managed by the Google Play services library, call +{@link android.app.Activity#startActivityForResult startActivityForResult()} using an {@link +android.content.Intent} returned by +{@code AccountPicker.newChooseAccountIntent}.

+ + +

For example:

+
+static final int REQUEST_CODE_PICK_ACCOUNT = 1000;
+
+private void pickUserAccount() {
+    String[] accountTypes = new String[]{"com.google"};
+    Intent intent = AccountPicker.newChooseAccountIntent(null, null,
+            accountTypes, false, null, null, null, null);
+    startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_PICK_ACCOUNT);
+}
+
+ +

When this code executes, a dialog appears for the user to pick an account. When the user +selects the account, your activity receives the result in the {@link +android.app.Activity#onActivityResult onActivityResult()} callback.

+ +

Most apps should pass the +{@code newChooseAccountIntent()} method the same arguments shown in the above example, +which indicate that:

+ + +
    +
  • There is no currently selected account.
    • +
  • There is no restricted list of accounts.
    • +
  • The dialog should list only accounts from the "com.google" domain.
    • +
  • Don't prompt the user to pick an account if there's only one available account (just use that +one). However, even if only one account currently exists, the dialog may include an option for the +user to add a new account.
    • +
  • There is no custom title for the dialog.
    • +
  • There is no specific auth token type required.
    • +
  • There are no restrictions based on account features.
    • +
  • There are no authenticator-specific options.
    • +
+ +

For more details about these arguments, see the +{@code newChooseAccountIntent()} method documentation.

+ + + + +

Retrieve the Account Name

+ +

Once the user selects an account, your activity receives a call to its +{@link android.app.Activity#onActivityResult onActivityResult()} method. The received +{@link android.content.Intent} includes an extra for +{@link android.accounts.AccountManager#KEY_ACCOUNT_NAME}, specifying the account name +(an email address) you must use to acquire the OAuth 2.0 token.

+ +

Here's an example implementation of the callback {@link android.app.Activity#onActivityResult +onActivityResult()} that receives the selected account:

+ +
+String mEmail; // Received from {@code newChooseAccountIntent()}; passed to {@code getToken()}
+
+@Override
+protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
+    if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_PICK_ACCOUNT) {
+        // Receiving a result from the AccountPicker
+        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
+            mEmail = data.getStringExtra(AccountManager.KEY_ACCOUNT_NAME);
+            // With the account name acquired, go get the auth token
+            getUsername();
+        } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
+            // The account picker dialog closed without selecting an account.
+            // Notify users that they must pick an account to proceed.
+            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.pick_account, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        }
+    }
+    // Later, more code will go here to handle the result from some exceptions...
+}
+
+ +

You can now pass the account name held by {@code mEmail} to +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()} (which is what the {@code getUsername()} method +does), but because it performs network transactions, this method should not be called from the +UI thread. The next lesson shows how to create an {@link android.os.AsyncTask} to get the auth token +on a separate thread.

+ + +

Once you have retrieved the account name for the user's Google account, you can call +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()}, which returns the access token string required by Google API +services.

+ + +

Calling this method is generally a straightforward procedure, but you must be +aware that:

+
    +
  • The +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()} method requires a network connection, so your app must +acquire the {@link android.Manifest.permission#INTERNET} permission. You should also check whether +the device has a network connection at runtime by querying {@link android.net.NetworkInfo}, which +requires that your app also acquire the {@link android.Manifest.permission#ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE} +permissions—for more details, read Connecting to the Network.
    • +
  • Because the +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()} method performs a synchronous network transaction, you should +always perform this call from a worker thread to avoid blocking your app's UI thread.
    • +
  • As is true when performing any network transaction, you should be prepared to handle +exceptions that may occur. There are also specific exceptions that + +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()} may throw, defined as {@code +GoogleAuthException} objects.
    • +
+ +

This lesson shows how you can gracefully handle these concerns by performing authentication in +an {@link android.os.AsyncTask} and providing users with the appropriate information and available +actions during known exceptions.

+ +

Note: The code shown in this lesson, using {@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()}, +is appropriate when you will be requesting the OAuth token from an {@link android.app.Activity}. +However, if you need to request the OAuth token from a {@link android.app.Service}, then you +should instead use {@code +getTokenWithNotification()}. This method works the same as {@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()}, but if an error occurs, it +also creates an appropriate +notification +that allows the user can recover from the error. +The sample available for download above includes code showing how to use this method instead.

+ + +

Extend AsyncTask to Get the Auth Token

+ +

The {@link android.os.AsyncTask} class provides a simple way to create a worker thread for jobs +that should not run on your UI thread. This lesson focuses on how to create such a thread +to get your auth token; for a more complete discussion about {@link android.os.AsyncTask}, +read Keeping Your +App Responsive and the {@link android.os.AsyncTask} class reference.

+ + +

The {@link android.os.AsyncTask#doInBackground doInBackground()} method in your {@link +android.os.AsyncTask} class is where you should call the +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()} method. You can also use it to catch some of the generic +exceptions that may occur during your network transactions.

+ +

For example, here's part of an {@link android.os.AsyncTask} subclass that calls +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()}:

+ +
+public class GetUsernameTask extends AsyncTask{
+    Activity mActivity;
+    String mScope;
+    String mEmail;
+
+    GetUsernameTask(Activity activity, String name, String scope) {
+        this.mActivity = activity;
+        this.mScope = scope;
+        this.mEmail = name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the asynchronous job. This runs when you call execute()
+     * on the AsyncTask instance.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
+        try {
+            String token = fetchToken();
+            if (token != null) {
+                // Insert the good stuff here.
+                // Use the token to access the user's Google data.
+                ...
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // The fetchToken() method handles Google-specific exceptions,
+            // so this indicates something went wrong at a higher level.
+            // TIP: Check for network connectivity before starting the AsyncTask.
+            ...
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets an authentication token from Google and handles any
+     * GoogleAuthException that may occur.
+     */
+    protected String fetchToken() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            return GoogleAuthUtil.getToken(mActivity, mEmail, mScope);
+        } catch (UserRecoverableAuthException userRecoverableException) {
+            // GooglePlayServices.apk is either old, disabled, or not present
+            // so we need to show the user some UI in the activity to recover.
+            mActivity.handleException(userRecoverableException);
+        } catch (GoogleAuthException fatalException) {
+            // Some other type of unrecoverable exception has occurred.
+            // Report and log the error as appropriate for your app.
+            ...
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+    ...
+}
+
+ +

In order to call +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()}, you must provide the app {@link android.content.Context}, +the account name retrieved from the account picker, and the scope for your auth +token request. The above sample code (and the attached sample) defines these arguments with +class members that the host activity passes to +the {@link android.os.AsyncTask} class constructor.

+ +

Note: +As shown by the {@code fetchToken()} method above, you must handle +special exceptions that may occur during the +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()} method. The next section shows how you should +respond to these exceptions.

+ +

Once you have an {@link android.os.AsyncTask} subclass defined, +you can instantiate and execute an instance after you get the user's +account name from the account picker. +For example, back in the {@link android.app.Activity} class you can do something like this:

+ +
+String mEmail; // Received from {@code newChooseAccountIntent()}; passed to {@code getToken()}
+private static final String SCOPE =
+        "oauth2:https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile";
+
+/**
+ * Attempts to retrieve the username.
+ * If the account is not yet known, invoke the picker. Once the account is known,
+ * start an instance of the AsyncTask to get the auth token and do work with it.
+ */
+private void getUsername() {
+    if (mEmail == null) {
+        pickUserAccount();
+    } else {
+        if (isDeviceOnline()) {
+            new GetUsernameTask(HelloActivity.this, mEmail, SCOPE).execute();
+        } else {
+            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.not_online, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+ +

The {@code pickUserAccount()} method is shown in the first lesson, Picking the User's Account. + +

For information about how to check whether the device is currently online (as performed by +the {@code isDeviceOnline()} method above), see the attached sample app or the +Connecting to the Network lesson.

+ +

The only part left is how you should handle the exceptions that may occur when you call + +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()}.

+ + + + +

Handle Exceptions

+ +

As shown in the fetchToken() method above, you must catch all occurrences of {@code +GoogleAuthException} when you call +{@code GoogleAuthUtil.getToken()}.

+ +

To provide users information and a proper solution to issues that may occur while acquiring the +auth token, it's important that you properly handle the following subclasses of {@code +GoogleAuthException}:

+ + +
+
{@code UserRecoverableAuthException}
+
This is an error that users can resolve through some verification. For example, users may + need to confirm that your app is allowed to access their Google data or they may need to re-enter + their account password. When you receive this exception, call {@code +getIntent()} on the instance and pass the returned {@link android.content.Intent} to {@link +android.app.Activity#startActivityForResult startActivityForResult()} to give users the opportunity +to solve the problem, such as by logging in.
+ +
{@code GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityException}
+
This is a specific type of {@code + UserRecoverableAuthException} indicating that the user's current version +of Google Play services is outdated. Although the recommendation above for +{@code + UserRecoverableAuthException} also works for this exception, calling {@link +android.app.Activity#startActivityForResult startActivityForResult()} will immediately send users + to Google Play Store to install an update, which may be confusing. So you should instead call +{@code getConnectionStatusCode()} and pass the result to +{@code GooglePlayServicesUtil.getErrorDialog()}. This returns a {@link android.app.Dialog} +that includes an appropriate message and a button to take users to Google Play Store so they +can install an update.
+
+ +

For example, the fetchToken() method in the above sample code catches any +occurrence of {@code +UserRecoverableAuthException} and passes it back to the activity with a method called +{@code handleException()}. Here's what that method in the activity may look like:

+ + +
+static final int REQUEST_CODE_RECOVER_FROM_PLAY_SERVICES_ERROR = 1001;
+
+/**
+ * This method is a hook for background threads and async tasks that need to
+ * provide the user a response UI when an exception occurs.
+ */
+public void handleException(final Exception e) {
+    // Because this call comes from the AsyncTask, we must ensure that the following
+    // code instead executes on the UI thread.
+    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            if (e instanceof GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityException) {
+                // The Google Play services APK is old, disabled, or not present.
+                // Show a dialog created by Google Play services that allows
+                // the user to update the APK
+                int statusCode = ((GooglePlayServicesAvailabilityException)e)
+                        .getConnectionStatusCode();
+                Dialog dialog = GooglePlayServicesUtil.getErrorDialog(statusCode,
+                        HelloActivity.this,
+                        REQUEST_CODE_RECOVER_FROM_PLAY_SERVICES_ERROR);
+                dialog.show();
+            } else if (e instanceof UserRecoverableAuthException) {
+                // Unable to authenticate, such as when the user has not yet granted
+                // the app access to the account, but the user can fix this.
+                // Forward the user to an activity in Google Play services.
+                Intent intent = ((UserRecoverableAuthException)e).getIntent();
+                startActivityForResult(intent,
+                        REQUEST_CODE_RECOVER_FROM_PLAY_SERVICES_ERROR);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+ +

Notice that in both cases, the {@code REQUEST_CODE_RECOVER_FROM_PLAY_SERVICES_ERROR} +request code is passed with the request to handle the exception with a dialog or activity. +This way, when the user completes the appropriate action to resolve the exception, +your {@link android.app.Activity#onActivityResult onActivityResult()} method receives an +intent that includes this request code and you can try to acquire the auth +token again.

+ + +

For example, the following code is a complete implementation of {@link +android.app.Activity#onActivityResult onActivityResult()} that handles results for +both the {@code REQUEST_CODE_PICK_ACCOUNT} action (shown in the previous lesson, Picking the User's Account) +and the {@code REQUEST_CODE_RECOVER_FROM_PLAY_SERVICES_ERROR} action, which occurs after the user +completes one of the actions above to resolve an exception.

+ + +
+@Override
+protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
+    if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_PICK_ACCOUNT) {
+        // Receiving a result from the AccountPicker
+        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
+            mEmail = data.getStringExtra(AccountManager.KEY_ACCOUNT_NAME);
+            // With the account name acquired, go get the auth token
+            getUsername();
+        } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
+            // The account picker dialog closed without selecting an account.
+            // Notify users that they must pick an account to proceed.
+            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.pick_account, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        }
+    } else if ((requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_RECOVER_FROM_AUTH_ERROR ||
+            requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_RECOVER_FROM_PLAY_SERVICES_ERROR)
+            && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
+        // Receiving a result that follows a GoogleAuthException, try auth again
+        getUsername();
+    }
+}
+
+ +

For a complete set of code that acquires the OAuth token and queries a Google service +over HTTP (including how to use {@code +getTokenWithNotification()} when you need to acquire the token from +a {@link android.app.Service}), see the sample app available for download at the top +of this page.

+ + + diff --git a/docs/html/google/google_toc.cs b/docs/html/google/google_toc.cs index 963cfc1517b19..6ff00c0761389 100644 --- a/docs/html/google/google_toc.cs +++ b/docs/html/google/google_toc.cs @@ -65,12 +65,6 @@ Wallet -
  • -
    - Authorization -
    -
    • -
  • @@ -81,6 +75,18 @@
  • Setup
    • +
  • +
    + Accessing Google Play Services APIs +
    + +