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Merge "Docs: Removed narrative content and edited links." into pi-dev

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am: 37a29795e4

Change-Id: Ic5f65ddb5903a79e13379c395e770e28bba7c6e6
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Laura Davis
2018-08-14 11:17:46 -07:00
committed by android-build-merger
parent 4a6566440f 37a29795e4
commit 187a4a0710
1 changed files with 23 additions and 249 deletions
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272
core/java/android/content/pm/ShortcutManager.java
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@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.annotation.SystemService;
import android.annotation.TestApi;
import android.annotation.UserIdInt;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
@@ -29,256 +28,23 @@ import android.graphics.drawable.AdaptiveIconDrawable;
import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.ServiceManager;
import android.os.UserHandle;
import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import java.util.List;
/**
* The ShortcutManager performs operations on an app's set of <em>shortcuts</em>. The
* {@link ShortcutInfo} class contains information about each of the shortcuts themselves.
* <p><code>ShortcutManager</code> executes operations on an app's set of <i>shortcuts</i>, which
* represent specific tasks and actions that users can perform within your app. This page lists
* components of the <code>ShortcutManager</code> class that you can use to create and manage
* sets of shortcuts.
*
* <p>An app's shortcuts represent specific tasks and actions that users can perform within your
* app. When a user selects a shortcut in the currently-active launcher, your app opens an activity
* other than the app's starting activity, provided that the currently-active launcher supports app
* shortcuts.</p>
* <p>To learn about methods that retrieve information about a single shortcut&mdash;including
* identifiers, type, and status&mdash;read the <code>
* <a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ShortcutInfo.html">ShortcutInfo</a></code> reference.
*
* <p>The types of shortcuts that you create for your app depend on the app's key use cases. For
* example, an email app may publish the "compose new email" shortcut, which allows the app to
* directly open the compose activity.</p>
*
* <p class="note"><b>Note:</b> Only main activities&mdash;activities that handle the
* {@link Intent#ACTION_MAIN} action and the {@link Intent#CATEGORY_LAUNCHER} category&mdash;can
* have shortcuts. If an app has multiple main activities, you need to define the set of shortcuts
* for <em>each</em> activity.
*
* <p>This page discusses the implementation details of the <code>ShortcutManager</code> class. For
* definitions of key terms and guidance on performing operations on shortcuts within your app, see
* the <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts.html">App Shortcuts</a> feature guide.
*
* <h3>Shortcut characteristics</h3>
*
* This section describes in-depth details about each shortcut type's usage and availability.
*
* <p class="note"><b>Important security note:</b> All shortcut information is stored in
* <a href="/training/articles/direct-boot.html">credential encrypted storage</a>, so your app
* cannot access a user's shortcuts until after they've unlocked the device.
*
* <h4>Static and dynamic shortcuts</h4>
*
* <p>Static shortcuts and dynamic shortcuts are shown in a supported launcher when the user
* performs a specific gesture. On currently-supported launchers, the gesture is a long-press on the
* app's launcher icon, but the actual gesture may be different on other launcher apps.
*
* <p>The {@link LauncherApps} class provides APIs for launcher apps to access shortcuts.
*
* <h4>Pinned shortcuts</h4>
*
* <p>Because pinned shortcuts appear in the launcher itself, they're always visible. A pinned
* shortcut is removed from the launcher only in the following situations:
* <ul>
* <li>The user removes it.
* <li>The publisher app associated with the shortcut is uninstalled.
* <li>The user selects <b>Clear data</b> from the publisher app's <i>Storage</i> screen, within
* the system's <b>Settings</b> app.
* </ul>
*
* <p>Because the system performs
* <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts.html#backup-and-restore">backup and restore</a> on pinned
* shortcuts automatically, these shortcuts' IDs should contain either stable, constant strings or
* server-side identifiers, rather than identifiers generated locally that might not make sense on
* other devices.
*
* <h3>Shortcut display order</h3>
*
* <p>When the launcher displays an app's shortcuts, they should appear in the following order:
*
* <ol>
* <li><b>Static shortcuts:</b> Shortcuts whose {@link ShortcutInfo#isDeclaredInManifest()} method
* returns {@code true}.</li>
* <li><b>Dynamic shortcuts:</b> Shortcuts whose {@link ShortcutInfo#isDynamic()} method returns
* {@code true}.</li>
* </ol>
*
* <p>Within each shortcut type (static and dynamic), shortcuts are sorted in order of increasing
* rank according to {@link ShortcutInfo#getRank()}.</p>
*
* <h4>Shortcut ranks</h4>
*
* <p>Shortcut ranks are non-negative, sequential integers that determine the order in which
* shortcuts appear, assuming that the shortcuts are all in the same category. You can update ranks
* of existing shortcuts when you call {@link #updateShortcuts(List)},
* {@link #addDynamicShortcuts(List)}, or {@link #setDynamicShortcuts(List)}.
*
* <p class="note"><b>Note:</b> Ranks are auto-adjusted so that they're unique for each type of
* shortcut (static or dynamic). For example, if there are 3 dynamic shortcuts with ranks 0, 1 and
* 2, adding another dynamic shortcut with a rank of 1 represents a request to place this shortcut
* at the second position. In response, the third and fourth shortcuts move closer to the bottom of
* the shortcut list, with their ranks changing to 2 and 3, respectively.
*
* <h3>Options for static shortcuts</h3>
*
* The following list includes descriptions for the different attributes within a static shortcut.
* You must provide a value for {@code android:shortcutId} and {@code android:shortcutShortLabel};
* all other values are optional.
*
* <dl>
* <dt>{@code android:shortcutId}</dt>
* <dd><p>A string literal, which represents the shortcut when a {@code ShortcutManager} object
* performs operations on it.</p>
* <p class="note"><b>Note: </b>You cannot set this attribute's value to a resource string, such
* as <code>@string/foo</code>.</p>
* </dd>
*
* <dt>{@code android:enabled}</dt>
* <dd><p>Whether the user can interact with the shortcut from a supported launcher.</p>
* <p>The default value is {@code true}. If you set it to {@code false}, you should also set
* {@code android:shortcutDisabledMessage} to a message that explains why you've disabled the
* shortcut. If you don't think you need to provide such a message, it's easiest to just remove
* the shortcut from the XML file entirely, rather than changing the values of the shortcut's
* {@code android:enabled} and {@code android:shortcutDisabledMessage} attributes.
* </dd>
*
* <dt>{@code android:icon}</dt>
* <dd><p>The <a href="/topic/performance/graphics/index.html">bitmap</a> or
* <a href="/guide/practices/ui_guidelines/icon_design_adaptive.html">adaptive icon</a> that the
* launcher uses when displaying the shortcut to the user. This value can be either the path to an
* image or the resource file that contains the image. Use adaptive icons whenever possible to
* improve performance and consistency.</p>
* <p class="note"><b>Note: </b>Shortcut icons cannot include
* <a href="/training/material/drawables.html#DrawableTint">tints</a>.
* </dd>
*
* <dt>{@code android:shortcutShortLabel}</dt>
* <dd><p>A concise phrase that describes the shortcut's purpose. For more information, see
* {@link ShortcutInfo.Builder#setShortLabel(CharSequence)}.</p>
* <p class="note"><b>Note: </b>This attribute's value must be a resource string, such as
* <code>@string/shortcut_short_label</code>.</p>
* </dd>
*
* <dt>{@code android:shortcutLongLabel}</dt>
* <dd><p>An extended phrase that describes the shortcut's purpose. If there's enough space, the
* launcher displays this value instead of {@code android:shortcutShortLabel}. For more
* information, see {@link ShortcutInfo.Builder#setLongLabel(CharSequence)}.</p>
* <p class="note"><b>Note: </b>This attribute's value must be a resource string, such as
* <code>@string/shortcut_long_label</code>.</p>
* </dd>
*
* <dt>{@code android:shortcutDisabledMessage}</dt>
* <dd><p>The message that appears in a supported launcher when the user attempts to launch a
* disabled shortcut. The message should explain to the user why the shortcut is now disabled.
* This attribute's value has no effect if {@code android:enabled} is {@code true}.</p>
* <p class="note"><b>Note: </b>This attribute's value must be a resource string, such as
* <code>@string/shortcut_disabled_message</code>.</p>
* </dd>
* </dl>
*
* <h3>Inner elements that define static shortcuts</h3>
*
* <p>The XML file that lists an app's static shortcuts supports the following elements inside each
* {@code <shortcut>} element. You must include an {@code intent} inner element for each
* static shortcut that you define.</p>
*
* <dl>
* <dt>{@code intent}</dt>
* <dd><p>The action that the system launches when the user selects the shortcut. This intent must
* provide a value for the {@code android:action} attribute.</p>
* <p>You can provide multiple intents for a single shortcut. If you do so, the last defined
* activity is launched, and the other activities are placed in the
* <a href="/guide/components/tasks-and-back-stack.html">back stack</a>. See
* <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts.html#static">Using Static Shortcuts</a> and the
* {@link android.app.TaskStackBuilder} class reference for details.</p>
* <p class="note"><b>Note:</b> This {@code intent} element cannot include string resources.</p>
* <p>To learn more about how to configure intents, see
* <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/settings.html#Intents">Using intents</a>.</p>
* </dd>
*
* <dt>{@code categories}</dt>
* <dd><p>Provides a grouping for the types of actions that your app's shortcuts perform, such as
* creating new chat messages.</p>
* <p>For a list of supported shortcut categories, see the {@link ShortcutInfo} class reference
* for a list of supported shortcut categories.
* </dd>
* </dl>
*
* <h3>Updating shortcuts</h3>
*
* <p>Each app's launcher icon can contain at most {@link #getMaxShortcutCountPerActivity()} number
* of static and dynamic shortcuts combined. There is no limit to the number of pinned shortcuts
* that an app can create, though.
*
* <p>When a dynamic shortcut is pinned, even when the publisher removes it as a dynamic shortcut,
* the pinned shortcut is still visible and launchable. This allows an app to have more than
* {@link #getMaxShortcutCountPerActivity()} number of shortcuts.
*
* <p>As an example, suppose {@link #getMaxShortcutCountPerActivity()} is 5:
* <ol>
* <li>A chat app publishes 5 dynamic shortcuts for the 5 most recent
* conversations (c1, c2, ..., c5).
*
* <li>The user pins all 5 of the shortcuts.
*
* <li>Later, the user has started 3 additional conversations (c6, c7, and c8), so the publisher
* app re-publishes its dynamic shortcuts. The new dynamic shortcut list is: c4, c5, ..., c8.
* <p>The publisher app has to remove c1, c2, and c3 because it can't have more than 5 dynamic
* shortcuts. However, c1, c2, and c3 are still pinned shortcuts that the user can access and
* launch.
* <p>At this point, the user can access a total of 8 shortcuts that link to activities in the
* publisher app, including the 3 pinned shortcuts, even though an app can have at most 5
* dynamic shortcuts.
*
* <li>The app can use {@link #updateShortcuts(List)} to update <em>any</em> of the existing
* 8 shortcuts, when, for example, the chat peers' icons have changed.
* <p>The {@link #addDynamicShortcuts(List)} and {@link #setDynamicShortcuts(List)} methods
* can also be used to update existing shortcuts with the same IDs, but they <b>cannot</b> be
* used for updating non-dynamic, pinned shortcuts because these 2 methods try to convert the
* given lists of shortcuts to dynamic shortcuts.
* </ol>
*
* <h3>Shortcut intents</h3>
*
* <p>
* Dynamic shortcuts can be published with any set of {@link Intent#addFlags Intent} flags.
* Typically, {@link Intent#FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK} is specified, possibly along with other
* flags; otherwise, if the app is already running, the app is simply brought to
* the foreground, and the target activity might not appear.
*
* <p>Static shortcuts <b>cannot</b> have custom intent flags.
* The first intent of a static shortcut will always have {@link Intent#FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK}
* and {@link Intent#FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK} set. This means, when the app is already running, all
* the existing activities in your app are destroyed when a static shortcut is launched.
* If this behavior is not desirable, you can use a <em>trampoline activity</em>, or an invisible
* activity that starts another activity in {@link Activity#onCreate}, then calls
* {@link Activity#finish()}:
* <ol>
* <li>In the <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code> file, the trampoline activity should include the
* attribute assignment {@code android:taskAffinity=""}.
* <li>In the shortcuts resource file, the intent within the static shortcut should reference
* the trampoline activity.
* </ol>
*
* <h3>Rate limiting</h3>
*
* <p>When <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts.html#rate-limit">rate limiting</a> is active,
* {@link #isRateLimitingActive()} returns {@code true}.
*
* <p>Rate limiting is reset upon certain events, so even background apps can call these APIs until
* the rate limit is reached again. These events include the following:
* <ul>
* <li>An app comes to the foreground.
* <li>The system locale changes.
* <li>The user performs the <a href="/guide/topics/ui/notifiers/notifications.html#direct">inline
* reply</a> action on a notification.
* </ul>
*
* <h3>Handling system locale changes</h3>
*
* <p>Apps should update dynamic and pinned shortcuts when they receive the
* {@link Intent#ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED} broadcast, indicating that the system locale has changed.
* <p>When the system locale changes, <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts.html#rate-limit">rate
* limiting</a> is reset, so even background apps can add and update dynamic shortcuts until the
* rate limit is reached again.
* <p>For guidance about using shortcuts, see
* <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts/index.html">App shortcuts</a>.
*
* <h3>Retrieving class instances</h3>
* <!-- Provides a heading for the content filled in by the @SystemService annotation below -->
@@ -458,8 +224,9 @@ public class ShortcutManager {
}
/**
* Disable pinned shortcuts. For more details, see the Javadoc for the {@link ShortcutManager}
* class.
* Disable pinned shortcuts. For more details, read
* <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts/managing-shortcuts.html#disable-shortcuts">
* Disable shortcuts</a>.
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException If trying to disable immutable shortcuts.
*
@@ -498,7 +265,9 @@ public class ShortcutManager {
/**
* Disable pinned shortcuts, showing the user a custom error message when they try to select
* the disabled shortcuts.
* For more details, see the Javadoc for the {@link ShortcutManager} class.
* For more details, read
* <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts/managing-shortcuts.html#disable-shortcuts">
* Disable shortcuts</a>.
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException If trying to disable immutable shortcuts.
*
@@ -586,7 +355,8 @@ public class ShortcutManager {
/**
* Return {@code true} when rate-limiting is active for the caller app.
*
* <p>See the class level javadoc for details.
* <p>For details, see <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts/managing-shortcuts#rate-limiting">
* Rate limiting</a>.
*
* @throws IllegalStateException when the user is locked.
*/
@@ -632,7 +402,9 @@ public class ShortcutManager {
* Apps that publish shortcuts should call this method whenever the user
* selects the shortcut containing the given ID or when the user completes
* an action in the app that is equivalent to selecting the shortcut.
* For more details, see the Javadoc for the {@link ShortcutManager} class
* For more details, read about
* <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts/managing-shortcuts.html#track-usage">
* tracking shortcut usage</a>.
*
* <p>The information is accessible via {@link UsageStatsManager#queryEvents}
* Typically, launcher apps use this information to build a prediction model
@@ -700,7 +472,9 @@ public class ShortcutManager {
* @param resultIntent If not null, this intent will be sent when the shortcut is pinned.
* Use {@link android.app.PendingIntent#getIntentSender()} to create an {@link IntentSender}.
* To avoid background execution limits, use an unexported, manifest-declared receiver.
* For more details, see the overview documentation for the {@link ShortcutManager} class.
* For more details, see
* <a href="/guide/topics/ui/shortcuts/creating-shortcuts.html#pinned">
* Creating pinned shortcuts</a>.
*
* @return {@code TRUE} if the launcher supports this feature. Note the API will return without
* waiting for the user to respond, so getting {@code TRUE} from this API does *not* mean