Embms API adjustments for 7/21

* Enforce that only one instance of each manager can be active.
* Add a death receipient for both managers to notify the app of binder
death
* Add documentation informing the app that it may not call create()
multiple times
* Fix a collision in streaming state reason codes
* Add documentation in DownloadRequest to indicate which methods should
be called by the middleware.

Bug: 30981736
Test: testapps
Change-Id: Ie15283b5c34fee736e8023dbd4f889c2ca95299e

telephony/java/android/telephony/MbmsDownloadManager.java

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.telephony.mbms.FileInfo;
 import android.telephony.mbms.DownloadRequest;
 import android.telephony.mbms.IDownloadProgressListener;
-import android.telephony.mbms.IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback;
 import android.telephony.mbms.MbmsDownloadManagerCallback;
 import android.telephony.mbms.MbmsDownloadReceiver;
 import android.telephony.mbms.MbmsException;
@@ -44,6 +43,7 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 
 import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
@@ -207,8 +207,16 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
     public static final int STATUS_PENDING_REPAIR = 3;
     public static final int STATUS_PENDING_DOWNLOAD_WINDOW = 4;
 
+    private static AtomicBoolean sIsInitialized = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
     private final Context mContext;
     private int mSubscriptionId = INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+    private IBinder.DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient() {
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            sendErrorToApp(MbmsException.ERROR_MIDDLEWARE_LOST, "Received death notification");
+        }
+    };
 
     private AtomicReference<IMbmsDownloadService> mService = new AtomicReference<>(null);
     private final MbmsDownloadManagerCallback mCallback;
@@ -236,10 +244,21 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
      *
      * Note that this call will bind a remote service and that may take a bit. The instance of
      * {@link MbmsDownloadManager} that is returned will not be ready for use until
-     * {@link IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback#middlewareReady()} is called on the provided callback.
+     * {@link MbmsDownloadManagerCallback#middlewareReady()} is called on the provided callback.
      * If you attempt to use the manager before it is ready, a {@link MbmsException} will be thrown.
      *
-     * This also may throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException} or a {@link MbmsException}.
+     * This also may throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException} or an {@link IllegalStateException}.
+     *
+     * You may only have one instance of {@link MbmsDownloadManager} per UID. If you call this
+     * method while there is an active instance of {@link MbmsDownloadManager} in your process
+     * (in other words, one that has not had {@link #dispose()} called on it), this method will
+     * throw an {@link MbmsException}. If you call this method in a different process
+     * running under the same UID, an error will be indicated via
+     * {@link MbmsDownloadManagerCallback#error(int, String)}.
+     *
+     * Note that initialization may fail asynchronously. If you wish to try again after you
+     * receive such an asynchronous error, you must call dispose() on the instance of
+     * {@link MbmsDownloadManager} that you received before calling this method again.
      *
      * @param context The instance of {@link Context} to use
      * @param listener A callback to get asynchronous error messages and file service updates.
@@ -249,8 +268,16 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
     public static MbmsDownloadManager create(Context context,
             MbmsDownloadManagerCallback listener, int subscriptionId)
             throws MbmsException {
+        if (!sIsInitialized.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+            throw new MbmsException(MbmsException.InitializationErrors.ERROR_DUPLICATE_INITIALIZE);
+        }
         MbmsDownloadManager mdm = new MbmsDownloadManager(context, listener, subscriptionId);
-        mdm.bindAndInitialize();
+        try {
+            mdm.bindAndInitialize();
+        } catch (MbmsException e) {
+            sIsInitialized.set(false);
+            throw e;
+        }
         return mdm;
     }
 
@@ -266,16 +293,27 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
                             result = downloadService.initialize(mSubscriptionId, mCallback);
                         } catch (RemoteException e) {
                             Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Service died before initialization");
+                            sIsInitialized.set(false);
                             return;
                         } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                             Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Runtime exception during initialization");
-                            mCallback.error(
+                            sendErrorToApp(
                                     MbmsException.InitializationErrors.ERROR_UNABLE_TO_INITIALIZE,
                                     e.toString());
+                            sIsInitialized.set(false);
                             return;
                         }
                         if (result != MbmsException.SUCCESS) {
-                            mCallback.error(result, "Error returned during initialization");
+                            sendErrorToApp(result, "Error returned during initialization");
+                            sIsInitialized.set(false);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        try {
+                            downloadService.asBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
+                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                            sendErrorToApp(MbmsException.ERROR_MIDDLEWARE_LOST,
+                                    "Middleware lost during initialization");
+                            sIsInitialized.set(false);
                             return;
                         }
                         mService.set(downloadService);
@@ -283,6 +321,7 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
 
                     @Override
                     public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
+                        sIsInitialized.set(false);
                         mService.set(null);
                     }
                 });
@@ -292,7 +331,7 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
      * An inspection API to retrieve the list of available
      * {@link android.telephony.mbms.FileServiceInfo}s currently being advertised.
      * The results are returned asynchronously via a call to
-     * {@link IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback#fileServicesUpdated(List)}
+     * {@link MbmsDownloadManagerCallback#fileServicesUpdated(List)}
      *
      * The serviceClasses argument lets the app filter on types of programming and is opaque data
      * negotiated beforehand between the app and the carrier.
@@ -306,7 +345,7 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
      * {@link MbmsException.StreamingErrors#ERROR_UNABLE_TO_START_SERVICE}
      *
      * @param classList A list of service classes which the app wishes to receive
-     *                  {@link IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback#fileServicesUpdated(List)} callbacks
+     *                  {@link MbmsDownloadManagerCallback#fileServicesUpdated(List)} callbacks
      *                  about. Subsequent calls to this method will replace this list of service
      *                  classes (i.e. the middleware will no longer send updates for services
      *                  matching classes only in the old list).
@@ -336,7 +375,7 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
      * local instance of {@link android.content.SharedPreferences} and by the middleware.
      *
      * If this method is not called at least once before calling
-     * {@link #download(DownloadRequest, IDownloadCallback)}, the framework
+     * {@link #download(DownloadRequest, IDownloadProgressListener)}, the framework
      * will default to a directory formed by the concatenation of the app's files directory and
      * {@link android.telephony.mbms.MbmsTempFileProvider#DEFAULT_TOP_LEVEL_TEMP_DIRECTORY}.
      *
@@ -434,7 +473,7 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
     /**
      * Returns a list of pending {@link DownloadRequest}s that originated from this application.
      * A pending request is one that was issued via
-     * {@link #download(DownloadRequest, IDownloadCallback)} but not cancelled through
+     * {@link #download(DownloadRequest, IDownloadProgressListener)} but not cancelled through
      * {@link #cancelDownload(DownloadRequest)}.
      * @return A list, possibly empty, of {@link DownloadRequest}s
      */
@@ -550,10 +589,12 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
                 return;
             }
             downloadService.dispose(mSubscriptionId);
-            mService.set(null);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             // Ignore
             Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Remote exception while disposing of service");
+        } finally {
+            mService.set(null);
+            sIsInitialized.set(false);
         }
     }
 
@@ -651,4 +692,12 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManager {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    private void sendErrorToApp(int errorCode, String message) {
+        try {
+            mCallback.error(errorCode, message);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // Ignore, should not happen locally.
+        }
+    }
 }

telephony/java/android/telephony/MbmsStreamingManager.java

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import android.telephony.mbms.vendor.IMbmsStreamingService;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 
 import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
@@ -58,7 +59,17 @@ public class MbmsStreamingManager {
     public static final String MBMS_STREAMING_SERVICE_ACTION =
             "android.telephony.action.EmbmsStreaming";
 
+    private static AtomicBoolean sIsInitialized = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
     private AtomicReference<IMbmsStreamingService> mService = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+    private IBinder.DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient() {
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            sIsInitialized.set(false);
+            sendErrorToApp(MbmsException.ERROR_MIDDLEWARE_LOST, "Received death notification");
+        }
+    };
+
     private InternalStreamingManagerCallback mInternalCallback;
 
     private final Context mContext;
@@ -82,6 +93,18 @@ public class MbmsStreamingManager {
      * main thread. This may throw an {@link MbmsException}, indicating errors that may happen
      * during the initialization or binding process.
      *
+     *
+     * You may only have one instance of {@link MbmsStreamingManager} per UID. If you call this
+     * method while there is an active instance of {@link MbmsStreamingManager} in your process
+     * (in other words, one that has not had {@link #dispose()} called on it), this method will
+     * throw an {@link MbmsException}. If you call this method in a different process
+     * running under the same UID, an error will be indicated via
+     * {@link MbmsStreamingManagerCallback#onError(int, String)}.
+     *
+     * Note that initialization may fail asynchronously. If you wish to try again after you
+     * receive such an asynchronous error, you must call dispose() on the instance of
+     * {@link MbmsStreamingManager} that you received before calling this method again.
+     *
      * @param context The {@link Context} to use.
      * @param callback A callback object on which you wish to receive results of asynchronous
      *                 operations.
@@ -93,9 +116,17 @@ public class MbmsStreamingManager {
     public static MbmsStreamingManager create(Context context,
             MbmsStreamingManagerCallback callback, int subscriptionId, Handler handler)
             throws MbmsException {
+        if (!sIsInitialized.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+            throw new MbmsException(MbmsException.InitializationErrors.ERROR_DUPLICATE_INITIALIZE);
+        }
         MbmsStreamingManager manager = new MbmsStreamingManager(context, callback,
                 subscriptionId, handler);
-        manager.bindAndInitialize();
+        try {
+            manager.bindAndInitialize();
+        } catch (MbmsException e) {
+            sIsInitialized.set(false);
+            throw e;
+        }
         return manager;
     }
 
@@ -127,17 +158,19 @@ public class MbmsStreamingManager {
      * May throw an {@link IllegalStateException}
      */
     public void dispose() {
-        IMbmsStreamingService streamingService = mService.get();
-        if (streamingService == null) {
-            // Ignore and return, assume already disposed.
-            return;
-        }
         try {
+            IMbmsStreamingService streamingService = mService.get();
+            if (streamingService == null) {
+                // Ignore and return, assume already disposed.
+                return;
+            }
             streamingService.dispose(mSubscriptionId);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             // Ignore for now
+        } finally {
+            mService.set(null);
+            sIsInitialized.set(false);
         }
-        mService.set(null);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -171,6 +204,7 @@ public class MbmsStreamingManager {
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Remote process died");
             mService.set(null);
+            sIsInitialized.set(false);
             throw new MbmsException(MbmsException.ERROR_MIDDLEWARE_LOST);
         }
     }
@@ -223,6 +257,7 @@ public class MbmsStreamingManager {
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Remote process died");
             mService.set(null);
+            sIsInitialized.set(false);
             throw new MbmsException(MbmsException.ERROR_MIDDLEWARE_LOST);
         }
 
@@ -242,26 +277,30 @@ public class MbmsStreamingManager {
                                     mSubscriptionId);
                         } catch (RemoteException e) {
                             Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Service died before initialization");
+                            sendErrorToApp(
+                                    MbmsException.InitializationErrors.ERROR_UNABLE_TO_INITIALIZE,
+                                    e.toString());
+                            sIsInitialized.set(false);
                             return;
                         } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                             Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Runtime exception during initialization");
-                            try {
+                            sendErrorToApp(
-                                mInternalCallback.error(
+                                    MbmsException.InitializationErrors.ERROR_UNABLE_TO_INITIALIZE,
-                                        MbmsException.InitializationErrors
+                                    e.toString());
-                                                .ERROR_UNABLE_TO_INITIALIZE,
+                            sIsInitialized.set(false);
-                                        e.toString());
-                            } catch (RemoteException e1) {
-                                // ignore
-                            }
                             return;
                         }
                         if (result != MbmsException.SUCCESS) {
-                            try {
+                            sendErrorToApp(result, "Error returned during initialization");
-                                mInternalCallback.error(
+                            sIsInitialized.set(false);
-                                        result, "Error returned during initialization");
+                            return;
-                            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        }
-                                // ignore
+                        try {
-                            }
+                            streamingService.asBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
+                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                            sendErrorToApp(MbmsException.ERROR_MIDDLEWARE_LOST,
+                                    "Middleware lost during initialization");
+                            sIsInitialized.set(false);
                             return;
                         }
                         mService.set(streamingService);
@@ -269,8 +308,17 @@ public class MbmsStreamingManager {
 
                     @Override
                     public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
+                        sIsInitialized.set(false);
                         mService.set(null);
                     }
                 });
     }
+
+    private void sendErrorToApp(int errorCode, String message) {
+        try {
+            mInternalCallback.error(errorCode, message);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // Ignore, should not happen locally.
+        }
+    }
 }

telephony/java/android/telephony/mbms/DownloadRequest.java

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import android.util.Log;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
@@ -77,12 +78,18 @@ public class DownloadRequest implements Parcelable {
         private String appIntent;
         private int version = CURRENT_VERSION;
 
+        /**
+         * Sets the service from which the download request to be built will download from.
+         * @param serviceInfo
+         * @return
+         */
         public Builder setServiceInfo(FileServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
             fileServiceId = serviceInfo.getServiceId();
             return this;
         }
 
         /**
+         * Set the service ID for the download request. For use by the middleware only.
          * @hide
          * TODO: systemapi
          */
@@ -91,11 +98,23 @@ public class DownloadRequest implements Parcelable {
             return this;
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Sets the source URI for the download request to be built.
+         * @param source
+         * @return
+         */
         public Builder setSource(Uri source) {
             this.source = source;
             return this;
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Sets the destination URI for the download request to be built. The middleware should
+         * not set this directly.
+         * @param dest A URI obtained from {@link Uri#fromFile(File)}, denoting the requested
+         *             final destination of the download.
+         * @return
+         */
         public Builder setDest(Uri dest) {
             if (dest.toString().length() > MAX_DESTINATION_URI_SIZE) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Destination uri must not exceed length " +
@@ -105,11 +124,25 @@ public class DownloadRequest implements Parcelable {
             return this;
         }
 
-        public Builder setSubscriptionId(int sub) {
+        /**
-            this.subscriptionId = sub;
+         * Set the subscription ID on which the file(s) should be downloaded.
+         * @param subscriptionId
+         * @return
+         */
+        public Builder setSubscriptionId(int subscriptionId) {
+            this.subscriptionId = subscriptionId;
             return this;
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Set the {@link Intent} that should be sent when the download completes or fails. This
+         * should be an intent with a explicit {@link android.content.ComponentName} targeted to a
+         * {@link android.content.BroadcastReceiver} in the app's package.
+         *
+         * The middleware should not use this method.
+         * @param intent
+         * @return
+         */
         public Builder setAppIntent(Intent intent) {
             this.appIntent = intent.toUri(0);
             if (this.appIntent.length() > MAX_APP_INTENT_SIZE) {
@@ -120,7 +153,12 @@ public class DownloadRequest implements Parcelable {
         }
 
         /**
-         * For use by middleware only
+         * For use by the middleware to set the byte array of opaque data. The opaque data
+         * includes information about the download request that is used by the client app and the
+         * manager code, but is irrelevant to the middleware.
+         * @param data A byte array, the contents of which should have been originally obtained
+         *             from {@link DownloadRequest#getOpaqueData()}.
+         * @return
          * TODO: systemapi
          * @hide
          */
@@ -201,22 +239,40 @@ public class DownloadRequest implements Parcelable {
         out.writeInt(version);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return The ID of the file service to download from.
+     */
     public String getFileServiceId() {
         return fileServiceId;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return The source URI to download from
+     */
     public Uri getSourceUri() {
         return sourceUri;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * For use by the client app only.
+     * @return The URI of the final destination of the download.
+     */
     public Uri getDestinationUri() {
         return destinationUri;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return The subscription ID on which to perform MBMS operations.
+     */
     public int getSubscriptionId() {
         return subscriptionId;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * For internal use -- returns the intent to send to the app after download completion or
+     * failure.
+     * @hide
+     */
     public Intent getIntentForApp() {
         try {
             return Intent.parseUri(serializedResultIntentForApp, 0);
@@ -226,6 +282,10 @@ public class DownloadRequest implements Parcelable {
     }
 
     /**
+     * For use by the middleware only. The byte array returned from this method should be
+     * persisted and sent back to the app upon download completion or failure by passing it into
+     * {@link Builder#setOpaqueData(byte[])}.
+     * @return A byte array of opaque data to persist.
      * @hide
      * TODO: systemapi
      */

telephony/java/android/telephony/mbms/MbmsDownloadManagerCallback.java

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 package android.telephony.mbms;
 
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.telephony.MbmsDownloadManager;
+
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
@@ -24,12 +27,8 @@ import java.util.List;
  */
 public class MbmsDownloadManagerCallback extends IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback.Stub {
 
-    public final static int ERROR_CARRIER_NOT_SUPPORTED      = 1;
+    @Override
-    public final static int ERROR_UNABLE_TO_INITIALIZE       = 2;
+    public void error(int errorCode, String message) throws RemoteException {
-    public final static int ERROR_UNABLE_TO_ALLOCATE_MEMORY  = 3;
-
-
-    public void error(int errorCode, String message) {
         // default implementation empty
     }
 
@@ -45,7 +44,8 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManagerCallback extends IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback.St
      * @param services a List of FileServiceInfos
      *
      */
-    public void fileServicesUpdated(List<FileServiceInfo> services) {
+    @Override
+    public void fileServicesUpdated(List<FileServiceInfo> services) throws RemoteException {
         // default implementation empty
     }
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class MbmsDownloadManagerCallback extends IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback.St
      * or {@link MbmsException.GeneralErrors#ERROR_MIDDLEWARE_NOT_YET_READY}
      */
     @Override
-    public void middlewareReady() {
+    public void middlewareReady() throws RemoteException {
         // default implementation empty
     }
 }

telephony/java/android/telephony/mbms/MbmsStreamingManagerCallback.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package android.telephony.mbms;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.telephony.MbmsStreamingManager;
 
 import java.util.List;
 

telephony/java/android/telephony/mbms/StreamingService.java

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public class StreamingService {
     /**
      * State changed due to the device leaving the where this stream is being broadcast.
      */
-    public static final int REASON_LEFT_MBMS_BROADCAST_AREA = 5;
+    public static final int REASON_LEFT_MBMS_BROADCAST_AREA = 6;
 
     /**
      * The method of transmission currently used for a stream,

telephony/java/android/telephony/mbms/vendor/MbmsDownloadServiceBase.java

@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.telephony.mbms.DownloadRequest;
 import android.telephony.mbms.FileInfo;
+import android.telephony.mbms.FileServiceInfo;
 import android.telephony.mbms.IDownloadProgressListener;
 import android.telephony.mbms.IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback;
+import android.telephony.mbms.MbmsDownloadManagerCallback;
 import android.telephony.mbms.MbmsException;
 
 import java.util.List;
@@ -44,13 +46,37 @@ public class MbmsDownloadServiceBase extends IMbmsDownloadService.Stub {
      * or {@link MbmsException#SUCCESS}. Non-successful error codes will be passed to the app via
      * {@link IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback#error(int, String)}.
      *
-     * @param listener The callback to use to communicate with the app.
+     * @param callback The callback to use to communicate with the app.
      * @param subscriptionId The subscription ID to use.
      */
+    public int initialize(int subscriptionId, MbmsDownloadManagerCallback callback)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Actual AIDL implementation -- hides the callback AIDL from the API.
+     * @hide
+     */
     @Override
     public int initialize(int subscriptionId,
-            IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback listener) throws RemoteException {
+            IMbmsDownloadManagerCallback callback) throws RemoteException {
-        return 0;
+        return initialize(subscriptionId, new MbmsDownloadManagerCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void error(int errorCode, String message) throws RemoteException {
+                callback.error(errorCode, message);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void fileServicesUpdated(List<FileServiceInfo> services) throws RemoteException {
+                callback.fileServicesUpdated(services);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void middlewareReady() throws RemoteException {
+                callback.middlewareReady();
+            }
+        });
     }
 
     /**
@@ -119,7 +145,7 @@ public class MbmsDownloadServiceBase extends IMbmsDownloadService.Stub {
     /**
      * Returns a list of pending {@link DownloadRequest}s that originated from the calling
      * application, identified by its uid. A pending request is one that was issued via
-     * {@link #download(DownloadRequest, IDownloadCallback)} but not cancelled through
+     * {@link #download(DownloadRequest, IDownloadProgressListener)} but not cancelled through
      * {@link #cancelDownload(DownloadRequest)}.
      * The middleware must return a non-null result synchronously or throw an exception
      * inheriting from {@link RuntimeException}.

telephony/java/android/telephony/mbms/vendor/MbmsStreamingServiceBase.java

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public class MbmsStreamingServiceBase extends IMbmsStreamingService.Stub {
     /**
      * Initialize streaming service for this app and subId, registering the listener.
      *
-     * May throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException} or an {@link IllegalStateException}, which
+     * May throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException} or a {@link SecurityException}, which
      * will be intercepted and passed to the app as
      * {@link android.telephony.mbms.MbmsException.InitializationErrors#ERROR_UNABLE_TO_INITIALIZE}
      *