diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/Mean.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/Mean.java
index 894f91b6261c1..bde036349d3b9 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/Mean.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/Mean.java
@@ -22,20 +22,19 @@ import java.util.Random;
  * Represents a centroid in Kmeans algorithms.
  */
 public class Mean {
-    private static final Random RANDOM = new Random(0);
-
     public float[] center;
 
     /**
      * Constructor.
      *
      * @param upperBound maximum value of a dimension in the space Kmeans is optimizing in
+     * @param random used to generate a random center
      */
-    Mean(int upperBound) {
+    Mean(int upperBound, Random random) {
         center =
                 new float[]{
-                        RANDOM.nextInt(upperBound + 1), RANDOM.nextInt(upperBound + 1),
-                        RANDOM.nextInt(upperBound + 1)
+                        random.nextInt(upperBound + 1), random.nextInt(upperBound + 1),
+                        random.nextInt(upperBound + 1)
                 };
     }
 
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/WSMeansQuantizer.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/WSMeansQuantizer.java
index a87a34f4ae110..b4f216ba87fa6 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/WSMeansQuantizer.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/WSMeansQuantizer.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 
@@ -57,13 +58,27 @@ public class WSMeansQuantizer implements Quantizer {
         }
 
         if (maxColors > means.length) {
+            // Always initialize Random with the same seed. Ensures the results of quantization
+            // are consistent, even when random centroids are required.
+            Random random = new Random(0x42688);
             int randomMeansToCreate = maxColors - means.length;
             for (int i = 0; i < randomMeansToCreate; i++) {
-                mMeans[means.length + i] = new Mean(100);
+                mMeans[means.length + i] = new Mean(100, random);
             }
         }
 
         for (int pixel : pixels) {
+            // These are pixels from the bitmap that is being quantized.
+            // Depending on the bitmap & downscaling, it may have pixels that are less than opaque
+            // Ignore those pixels.
+            ///
+            // Note: they don't _have_ to be ignored, for example, we could instead turn them
+            // opaque. Traditionally, including outside Android, quantizers ignore transparent
+            // pixels, so that strategy was chosen.
+            int alpha = (pixel >> 24);
+            if (alpha < 255) {
+                continue;
+            }
             Integer currentCount = mCountByColor.get(pixel);
             if (currentCount == null) {
                 currentCount = 0;
@@ -105,8 +120,12 @@ public class WSMeansQuantizer implements Quantizer {
     /** Create random starting centroids for K-means. */
     public static float[][] randomMeans(int maxColors, int upperBound) {
         float[][] means = new float[maxColors][];
+
+        // Always initialize Random with the same seed. Ensures the results of quantization
+        // are consistent, even when random centroids are required.
+        Random random = new Random(0x42688);
         for (int i = 0; i < maxColors; i++) {
-            means[i] = new Mean(upperBound).center;
+            means[i] = new Mean(upperBound, random).center;
         }
         return means;
     }
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/WuQuantizer.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/WuQuantizer.java
index 66206bf8297a4..a2652ea6d5e1a 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/WuQuantizer.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/graphics/palette/WuQuantizer.java
@@ -78,7 +78,12 @@ public class WuQuantizer implements Quantizer {
         // All of the sample Wu implementations are reimplementations of a snippet of C code from
         // the early 90s. They all cap the maximum # of colors at 256, and it is impossible to tell
         // if this is a requirement, a consequence of QUANT_SIZE, or arbitrary.
-        this.mMaxColors = Math.min(MAX_COLORS, maxColorCount);
+        //
+        // Also, the number of maximum colors should be capped at the number of pixels - otherwise,
+        // If extraction is run on a set of pixels whose count is less than max colors,
+        // then colors.length < max colors, and accesses to colors[index] throw an
+        // ArrayOutOfBoundsException.
+        this.mMaxColors = Math.min(Math.min(MAX_COLORS, maxColorCount), colors.length);
         Box[] cube = new Box[mMaxColors];
         int red, green, blue;
 
@@ -119,17 +124,13 @@ public class WuQuantizer implements Quantizer {
             }
         }
 
-        // If extraction is run on a set of pixels whose count is less than the
-        // number of max colors, then colors.length < max colors, and accesses
-        // to colors[index] inside the for loop throw an ArrayOutOfBoundsException.
-        int numColorsToCreate = (int) Math.min(mMaxColors, colors.length);
-        for (k = 0; k < numColorsToCreate; ++k) {
+        for (k = 0; k < mMaxColors; ++k) {
             weight = getVolume(cube[k], mWt);
             if (weight > 0) {
                 red = (int) (getVolume(cube[k], mMr) / weight);
                 green = (int) (getVolume(cube[k], mMg) / weight);
                 blue = (int) (getVolume(cube[k], mMb) / weight);
-                colors[k] = ((red & 0x0ff) << 16) | ((green & 0x0ff) << 8) | (blue & 0x0ff);
+                colors[k] = (255 << 24) | (red << 16) | (green << 8) | blue;
             } else {
                 colors[k] = 0;
             }